1. Ancient Greece
Chapter 4
1750BC to 133 BC
Page 112

2. Early People of the Aegean Section 1
The Island of Crete was home to an early Greek Civilization
Considered one of the first Western Civilizations

3. A. Minoans Trade and Prosper
Crete lies on Aegean Sea
British names it after Minos- a famous king
Knossos- palace of the Minoans
Shrines and frescoes-
1400BC they disappeared
Why?

4. B. Trade and War
Mycenae conquer Greek mainland and built empire 1400 BC to 1200 BC
Lived in City States surrounded by thick walls
Best know for participating in Trojan War
Defeated Troy in a ten year war
All we know is from poem by Homer-
Iliad and the Odyssey-
Eventually Mycenae would be conquered and Greeks passed centuries into obscurity

5. Section 2 The Rise of Greek City States
Greece was at a cross roads on the Aegean Sea for trade in goods and ideas
Developed powerful Polis- or city states
Built many large city states that competed with each other for power
Culture based on trade, especially by sea

6. B. Governing City States
City built in two levels
Acropolis- high part of city with temples dedicated to gods
Flatter grounds was were the people lived inside the city walls
First were monarchies- ruled by kings
Then aristocracy- controlled by group of hereditary landowning nobles
Then oligarchy- power in hands of wealthy elite

7. C. Warfare
Development of cheap iron allowed more people to serve in the military
Phalanx- massive tactical formation- soldiers working together
Because more emphasis on people defending the city, more people wanted a say in govt

8. D. Sparta City state in southern Greece
Turned conquered peoples into slaves- IE helots-
Ruled by limited form of democracy
2 kings, council of 30 elders
Strict upbringing for boys and girls
Sickly children discarded
Boys trained for military service starting at 7
Encouraged to steal food, but beaten if caught
Isolated themselves from other Greeks

9. E. Athens More in Northern Greece Overtime, became more of a democracy
Solon reformed but not enough
Tyrants took over
Cleisthenes broadened democracy to ordinary man
All landowning men could meet at assembly and make decisions
However, must own land and no women

10. Women received little education
Men were trained for military service, but encouraged to expand their education
Women received little education
Greek Mythology was polytheistic- believing in many gods
Zeus, Ares, and Aphrodite
Honored gods with festivals
Gods lived on Mount Olympus

11. Section 3 Conflict in the Greek World
Greek City States were deeply united until and outside threat would get them to work together
A. Persian Wars
Athens supported an uprising in Ionia, conquered by the Persians
Darius of Persia vowed revenge on Athens

12. B. Marathon Darius landed on plains of Marathon
Smaller, more mobile Athenians defeated larger Persian Army
NIKE
Themistocles, Athens leader, knew they would return

13. C. Greeks Unite
Xerxes, Darius’s son, raised larger army to defeat all of Greece
Greek states work together to defeat Xerxes
Thermopylae- battle of the 300? Leonidas
Athens is burned
Navy battle at Salamis- Greeks destroy Persian Navy
Greeks later defeated Persians on land

14. D. Alliance War brought Greeks closer together to form an Alliance
Delian League

15. E. Age of Pericles
Athenians used direct democracy- anyone and everyone could participate in govt
Stipend?
Jury
Ostracism
Prosperity came to Greece as they used alliance money to rebuild their city

16. Peloponnesian War
Sparta and other Greek states upset over power Athens has taken
They attack Athens and after 27 years, defeat it.
After Peloponnesian War, Greek dominion would decline

17. Section 4 The Glory that Was Greece
Greece had some of the greatest thinkers, philosophers, artists, and architecture that is still revered and replicated today
A. Philosophers
Lovers of wisdom
Explored all subjects from math to music to just plain logic
Sophists- success more important than morals
Used rhetoric- art of speeking

18. Socrates- great philosopher, didn’t like sophists
Plato- student of Socrates, wrote about him
Socratic method- pose questions and challenge implications of answers
Eventually put on trial and condemned to death
Plato kept on with Socrates works
Wrote “the Republic”
Described ideal state- basically totalitarianism
Workers, soldiers, and philosophic leaders

19. Aristotle- examined gov’ts and came up with good and bad example of each
Favored dictatorships
Golden mean- moderate way of living
Live life based on reason
Created the Lyceum- study of knowledge

20. Art Architecture Art Parthenon- most famous- goddess Athena
Big on columns
Art
Famous Sculptors
Focused on idealism- perfect beings- gods, athletes, exc
Only paintings to survive was on pottery
Showed daily life

21. Literature First Historian Tragedies Comedies
Herodotus- considered the father of history
Visited many lands collecting information on famous events
Kept track of leaders and ancient legends

22. Section 5 Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
A. Empire of Alexander the Great
Macedonia conquered and consolidated the Greek City States
Phillip II had dreams of conquering the Persian empire
Assassinated in 330s B.C.

23. B. Alexander Alexander takes over- 334BC crosses Dardanelles
Takes of Darius III- in charge of crumbling Persian empire
Alexander never loses a battle- Granicus River, Palestine, Egypt, Babylon, and as far was India
Died at age 32, empire split up between 3 of his generals

24. C. Legacy Alexander spreads Greek culture
Assimilation
Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultures come together- eastern and western culture
Alexandria in Egypt was heart of Hellenistic world- Museums, libraries, cultural center for learning
Hellenistic Culture-

25. D. Hellenistic Arts Philosophy- Stoicism Math- Pythagoras
Heliocentric- Aristarchus
Archimedes
Medicine- Hippocrates
Legacy- Greek culture set the standard for western civilization- democracy, science, philosophy, mathematics, ect.