1. SciMeasure Wavefront Sensor Cameras and their Application in the 5m Palomar Adaptive Optics System
SciMeasure Analytical Systems, Inc.
Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Garry Motter
Emory University, Department of Physics
Ray DuVarney*
* has a financial interest in SciMeasure Analytical Systems, Inc.
NASA/JPL, Palomar AO Team
Rich Dekany, Mitch Troy, Gary Brack

2. History

3. Camera System Overview
SEQUENCER
RS-170 Video
Data Out
4 12-bit Data Ports
Overflow/handshake Port (SOF/SOL/DRDY)
RS-232 Control
FIBER COMM & DATA
REALTIME DISPLAY
GRAPHICS DISPLAY
Halt Signal
VIDEO OVERLAY
DATA CAPTURE
Stopped Status
Camera Control Unit
1.2 Ghz Bi-directional Control/data Fiber-optic Link
Clocks
+5V DIGITAL
CLOCK DRIVERS
PREAMPLIFIER
Biases
±12V ANALOG
FIBER COMM & DATA
CCD
TEC
+24V ANALOG
ANALOG PROCESSOR
CCD Enclosure
Power Supply
Video
Camera Head

4. Sequencer ISA Bus Inter-face Address Bus Data Bus Programs Subroutines15 15 15 8 8 8 8
Programs
Subroutines
Patterns 24
Addr
Mux
32K
Static
RAM
Data
Mux
Addr
Mux
32K
Static
RAM
Data
Mux
Addr
Mux
32K
Static
RAM
Data
Mux
Data
O/P
Ext.
Select & Sync
4-3
7-3
7-3
8-bit
8-bit
32-bit
11-12
8-12
8-12
Address Generator
Address Generator
Address Generator
50 MHz Clock

5. Sequencer Programming
Patterns
Programs
define pattern read_pixel; #
# t = /turbo, c = /clamp, S = sample, V = *DCAV
# RG IA BS OR xxx t c S CCCC FV xx #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
; #
end define;
define program 0; # 1100 Hz Nominal
subroutine start_of_frame;
repeat 32;
subroutine read_line;
end repeat;
repeat 2;
subroutine integrate;
end define;
Subroutines
define subroutine read_line;
pattern send_start_of_line 1;
pattern shift_line 1;
pattern wait 10;
pattern shift_pixel 17;
pattern read_pixel 32;
end define;

6. Fiber Link CAMERA CONTROL UNIT (CCU) ONBOARD SEQUENCER TRANS-CEIVER
DEMUX
Digital Video Ports
ONBOARD
SEQUENCER
Digital Data Ports
MUX
TRANS-CEIVER
External Sequencer Data
ONBOARD SCAN
CONVERTER
1.2 Ghz Bidirectional Control/data Fiber-optic Link
Gain
Offset
TEMP/VACUUM
STATUS, ETC
DEMUX
CONTROL
Filter
MUX
TRANS-CEIVER
DATA
CLOCKS
CCD Clocks
Clamp
Sample
CAMERA HEAD UNIT (CHU)
Turbo

7. Preamplifier Board A=5 Clock Filters CCD Clocks CCD Peltier Pack
Video Outputs
Bias Filters
CCD Biases
75 ohm drivers
Temperature
TEC Filters
TEC Power

8. Analog Processor 1 of 4 channels Turbo HIGH SPEED SHUNT 2 Filter 2
Gain
TIME CONST of 4
GAIN of 4
Video
A/D
Data
75 ohms
Clamp
CLAMP 8
Offset
OFFSET
Sample

9. Data Output/Display/Capture
Stream
Data Capture Card
Fiber Link Card
INTERNAL SCAN CONVERTER
1 MEGAPIXEL DUAL PORT STATIC RAM
ISA BUS INTERFACE
ISA Bus
RS-422
Realtime
Data
Ports
DEMUX
Data R
REALTIME SCAN CONVERTER G
STATIC RAM
RS-170
Video B S
Realtime Display Card

10. Control Panel

11. Camera Performance
EEV CCD x64 pixel frame size - Read Noise calculated from Photon Transfer curve
MIT/LL CCID19 achieved Mpix/sec/port and 600 frames/sec

12. Future Camera Overview I
DATA OUTPUT
FIBER COMM/DEMUX
Data Out/Handshake
16-bit Data Ports
SOF/SOL/DRDY
RS-232 Control
CONTROLLER/SEQUENCER
Halt Signal
Stopped Status
Control Unit
160 mm 3U cards
1.2 Ghz Bi-directional Control/data Fiber-optic Link
POWER/BIASES
Clocks
CLOCK DRIVERS
PREAMPLIFIER
FIBER COMM/MUX
Biases
Power Supply
CCD
ANALOG PROCESSOR(S)
12, 14 or 16-bit options
TEC
CCD Enclosure
Video
Camera Head
160 mm 3U cards

13. Future Camera Overview II
RS-232 Control
DATA OUTPUT
Halt Signal
CONTROLLER/SEQUENCER
Stopped Status
Clocks
POWER/BIASES
16-bit Data Ports &
SOF/SOL/DRDY
PREAMPLIFIER
CLOCK DRIVERS
Biases
CCD
ANALOG PROCESSOR(S)
12, 14 or 16-bit options
TEC
CCD Enclosure
Video
Power Supply
Camera Head
160 mm 3U cards

14. Palomar AO System

15. PALAO Performance

16. PALAO Results

17. QS Aql (HR 7486) Binary Star with 0.185" Separation
PALAO Results
QS Aql (HR 7486) Binary Star with " Separation
AO Loop Open FWHM = 1.2"
AO Loop Closed FWHM = 0.097" (Strehl = 20%)

18. PALAO Results Trapezium Cluster in the Orion Nebula
The left image was taken with the AO system off; the seeing was about 1 arcsec. With the AO system locked on Theta 1 Ori C (brightest star), the stellar images were about 0.2" across, with the brightest stars saturated. Each image is represents approximately 40 arcsec x 40 arcsec field.

19. Acknowledgements SBIR Phase I Grant NAS8-97195
SBIR Phase II Grant NAS
Jim Beletic and the ESO Optical Detector Team
Mike Shao - Director, Interferometry Center of Excellence, NASA/JPL
Eric Bloemhof - Mt. Palomar Observatory
Horace Dale - Physics Dept, Emory University