1. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Chapter Three
Art and Science of
Graphical Presentations
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

2. What is the criterion to choose methods to describe data?
Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
What is the criterion to choose methods to describe data?
Graphical Description
Bar, Line, Pie or Others
Tabular Description
There are two important criterions.
Informative
Easy
Graphical Description mainly focus on easy understanding. Graphical description is better,
When the original data is complicated and your focus is on the major trend or characteristic.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

3. Graphical Excellence…
Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Graphical Excellence…
Data are complicated.
large data sets should be presented concisely and coherently.
Graphical description may be recommendable for the comparison of two or more variables.
For Graphical excellence
the message being presented by the chart should be clear.
the substance of the data should be addressed but the form of the graph should not be not prominent.
there should be no distortion of the data and findings.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

4. Table 3.1 Number of People Visiting Disney Theme Parks in 1994
Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Table 3.1 Number of People Visiting Disney Theme Parks in 1994
This table is easily understandable without graphics.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

5. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Figure 3.1
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

6. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Figure 3.1
Graphical techniques should be used when there is a large amount of data…
This bar chart is completely unnecessary because
only six numbers are represented.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

7. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Figure 3.2
Here is pie chart that contains only 3 numbers…
It catches your eye but provides no useful information.
For 3 numbers, table is not even needed for an academic paper.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

8. Counter Example. FDI into Korea (in Million).
Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Counter Example. FDI into Korea (in Million).
Yr/country
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
U.S.A
2.689
4.717
1.24
4.5
3.885
2.921
3.738
3.189
0.875
0.642
Japan
1.878
2.257
0.54
1.403
0.776
2.448
1.749
0.504
0.265
0.254
0.424
Germany
0.704
0.487
0.37
0.283
0.459
1.599
0.959
0.785
0.398
0.094
0.044
HongKong
0.819
0.088
0.054
0.234
0.167
0.123
0.48
0.038
0.084
0.228
0.057
Netherlands
1.149
1.309
0.161
0.45
1.233
1.768
3.321
1.323
0.83
0.204
0.17
Swizerland
0.04
0.07
0.02
0.03
0.045
0.024
0.14
0.076
0.102
0.162
0.009
U.K
2.307
0.87
0.115
0.431
0.083
0.479
0.06
0.258
0.078
0.086
France
0.085
0.174
0.149
0.11
0.425
0.607
0.75
0.368
0.41
0.09
China
0.068
1.164
0.05
0.249
0.026
0.008
0.006
0.01
Others
1.819
1.868
3.009
1.723
3.785
5.563
3.915
2.716
1.423
1.207
0.464
Total
11.563
12.79
6.468
9.102
11.28
15.216
15.541
8.852
6.97
3.202
1.947
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

9. Graphic description is better.
Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Graphic description is better.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

10. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Graphical Deception…
Figure 3.14b Quarterly Sales for the Past Year
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

11. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Graphical Deception…
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

12. Figure 2 Too simple to use graphical description.
Data Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance of Côte d’Ivoire, 2007
Figure 2
Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance of Côte d’Ivoire, 2007
Too simple to use graphical description.
Figure should have the title.
Figure 2. Proportion (%) of Economic Sectors in Year 2007’s GDP.

13. --? -> N.A. (Not Avaiable) Base Ratio?
Table 4. The Paris Declaration Indicators, 2006
Government’s budget estimates of aid flows for FY05 (USDm)
Aid disbursed by donors for government sector in FY05(USDm) b
Base ratio (%)
c=a/b c=b/a
CABEI
105 23 22
Cooperates Multilaterals 19 --
European Commission 32 55 59
Global Fund
IDB
215 71 33
United Nations 27 81
World Bank
171
100 58
Canada
Total
667
334 50
Source: OECD Development Assistance Committee, “The Paris Declaration Survey on Monitoring.” Paris: OECD/DAC.
Title: 2006-> FY 2005
--? -> N.A. (Not Avaiable)
Base Ratio?
Explanation: Table 4 shows that the government has shown an interest in decentralization through public-private partnerships. ?
If you put the table, you should describe the table and interpret it.

14. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Graphical Deception…
Graphical techniques create a visual impression, which is easy to distort, therefore…
It is important to critically evaluate the graphically presented information.
Be wary of graphs without a scale on one axis.
Understand the information being presented: absolute values? relative values (e.g. percentages, deltas (change in a variable))?
Are the horizontal or vertical axes distorted in any way?
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

15. Keller: Stats for Mgmt & Econ, 7th Ed
2018년 6월 30일
Written Reports…
When you prepare for a thesis that presents statistical information & analysis to others:
Objective statement
Source of Data, Year
Results
Described using words about tables, and figures.
Discussion of limitations if applicable.
Discuss problems with the analysis.
5) When you write a paper, always think and write from viewpoints of readers, not you.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.