1. ANCIENT GREECE & ROME

2. 2. Mycenaeans came next around 1400BC and conquered Crete
ANCIENT GREECE
Early Civilizations of Greece developed in geographic isolation due to mountains and was influenced by location by the Mediterranean sea.
1. Minoans were the 1st Greek civilization around 1750BC on the Island of Crete
2. Mycenaeans came next around 1400BC and conquered Crete

3. Greek City States Athens Sparta
The Greeks began to spread throughout the Balkan Peninsula and divide into City States called a Polis – think a country that is centered around a major city
There were many city states with Athens and Sparta being among the most powerful
Greek City States
Athens
Sparta

4. Sparta's Warriors Video Clip

5. Development of Modern Government
Ancient Greece is particularly important to modern society as it is often considered to be where democracy, or government by the people, began
Athens was the first major city state to have a form of limited democracy
Only males, usually the wealthy and educated, were allowed to have a say in Athens’s democracy by being apart of the cities assembly
Women and Slaves were excluded

6. The Expansion of Greek Thought
Greek thought and culture were spread throughout the Mediterranean when Alexander the Great, a Macedonian king, conquered the peninsula and then the rest of the greater area

7. The Hellenistic Age and Contributions
Alexander’s proliferation of Greek thought and culture throughout the Mediterranean is called the Hellenistic Age – around 325 B.C. to 145 B.C when Rome conquered the Greek mainland
During this age, and before it in Classical Greece – around 600 B.C to 325 B.C. - many important contributions were made that still influence our world today
Among them were: philosophy, medicine, art, architecture, literature and mathematics

8. Alexander the Great Video

9. Famous Greek Philosophers
Socrates – lived around 470 to 400 B.C. – best known for the Socratic method which employs continuous question asking to draw out answers that people already know.
Only known to us through the Writings of Plato

10. Famous Greek Philosophers
Plato – lived around 428 to 348 B.C. – best know for his work The Republic in which he lays out his ideal society as one where wise Philosopher Kings rule the lives of citizens.
Founded the School The Academy at Athens

11. Famous Greek Philosophers
Aristotle – lived around 384 B.C to 322 B.C. - the best known student of Plato and later teacher to Alexander the Great.
Studied almost everything but best known for formal study of logic, zoology, medicine and basic scientific method.
Founded the Lyceum or educational institution just outside of Athens

12. Ancient Greek Philosophy Video

13. Greek Architecture
The Parthenon
The Lincoln Memorial

14. Ancient Rome Notes

15. Ancient Rome
Rome’s history begins on the Italian peninsula when the Roman people drove the Etruscans from the peninsula around 500 B.C. making them a main power
By 270 B.C. Rome controlled most of the peninsula

16. Ancient Rome
In time the people of Rome developed their state as a republic where elected officials in the Senate controlled the society
Patricians vs. Plebians
Part of what made Rome successful was that they educated all their citizens, girls and boys, and were fair with the people they conquered

18. Roman Expansion
Around 130 B.C. Rome begins to expand beyond the peninsula, eventually coming into contact with another major Mediterranean power, Carthage, which lies on the Northern Middle part of Africa
Rome fights several wars against Carthage for control of the Mediterranean Sea that was important for trade
Known as the Punic Wars
These wars last for about 100 years with Rome eventually winning
Rome would then go on to control most of the Mediterranean, including the Greeks and the remnants of Alexander’s Empire

19. Map of the Mediterranean World at the time just before the Punic Wars

20. The Expansion of Roman Rule

21. Roman Republic Declines
Due partly to the great wealth that was accumulated from controlling Mediterranean trade, Rome began to become a society of excesses
Greed and self-interest replaced virtues such as simplicity, hard work, and devotion to duty
The Senate became corrupt – reforms were needed
Unable to resolve its problems peacefully, Rome plunged into a series of civil wars
Powerful generals would take power from time to time and two rose to dominate Roman politics: Julius Caesar and Pompey
In 58 B.C. Julius Caesar defeated Pompey and essentially became a dictator of Rome, although he kept the Senate intact

23. The Roman Empire Age
Fearing too much power in the hands of one man, Julius Caesar was killed sparking a major civil war between his supporters and those opposed
His supporters eventually won and his Nephew Octavian was placed in power with the title of Augustus or exalted one
Augustus ushered in the Empire age, where one or two people held ultimate authority, and an age called the Pax Romana
The Pax was a 200 year period of relative peace within the Empire that allowed Rome to expand to most of the then known world – an area roughly the size of the U.S.

24. Evolution of the Romans

25. Roman Aqueduct – Carries fresh water in to Roman cities

26. The army was professionalized (20 year enlistment; good pay and pensions)
                                                                                      
The basic military unit was the legion, each of which included about 5,000 men
A typical Roman Centurion – Officer who commanded roughly a 100 Men
A Roman Legionaire – Basic Military Unit – Heavy Infantry

27. Roman Gladius short sword, 1st century A. D
Roman Gladius short sword, 1st century A.D. Carried by the Roman legionnaires during the conquest of Europe and Britain

28. Roman catapult
Roman armor
Infantry Shields
Roman fort

29. Evolution of our Alphabet

30. Roman and Greek God Comparisons
Jupiter
Zeus
Neptune
Poseidon
Pluto
Hades
Juno
Hera
Mars
Ares
Saturn
Cronus
Venus
Aphrodite
Cupid
Eros
Apollo
Bacchus
Dionysus
Mercury
Hermes

31. – place of entertainment
Roman
Amphitheater
The Colosseum
– place of entertainment

32. Roman Empire Video