1. Unit 7 Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction
What does this era focus on?
Answer: Citizens of the North and South being divided

2. Absolute and Relative Chronology Make a Timeline
1861- Secession Convention:
Why were the Delegates of Texas in favor of secession?
Answer: They believed slavery was vital to the economy of Texas. Remember, the North’s economy was based on manufacturing/factories and its industrial growth was more facilitated due to its location next to the natural harbors
1861 – Sam Houston resigns as the governor of Texas (Refuses to take oath of allegiance to the Confederate States of America)
1861 – Civil War begins (Texas joins the Confederate States of America and secedes from the Union)

3. Absolute and Relative Chronology Continued
1865- The Civil War ends and President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated
June 19, 1865 (Junteenth)– Emancipation Day in Texas (African Americans learn they are free)
President Grant signed an act to readmit Texas to the Union through Congressional representation

4. Absolute and Relative Chronology Continued
– Reconstruction in Texas
1876- The Constitution of 1876 is adopted (this is the constitution we use today). Texans did not want a strong Central government and opted to rewrite the constitution and include limitations of the governor’s powers and voting rights to African Americans.

5. Reasons Texas was involved in the Civil War
State’s Rights – Texans believed that states should be able to make their own political economic, and social decisions with minimal federal government interference
Slavery (major reason) – Texans believed slavery was vital to the economy
Sectionalism -- The Texas economy, social structure, customs and political values were much like other southern states
Were the above causes mainly based on economic reasons? Explain your answer

6. Reasons Continued
Texans wanted low tariffs so they could continue to trade cotton with European nations. Southern states produced 80% of the world’s supply of cotton.

7. Political, Economic, and Social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas

8. Make a Three Column Chart Title: Civil War Effects
Political Economic Social

9. Political Effects Texas joins the Confederate States of America
Houston removed from office because he failed to sign an oath to the confederacy
Conscription Act – 60,000 Texans joined the confederate army
Some Texans sided with the Union and joined the Union forces

10. Economic Effects
Shortages of commodities, such as coffee, medicine, clothing, salt, paper
Trade along the Mexican border continued and supplied some of these items to Texas
Cotton production declines during the Civil War and increases after
Inadequate production in agriculture and business
Shortages were also due to the Union blockade along the Texas Coast
There was an increase in the production of corn and wheat in order to feed the soldiers

11. Social Effects of the Civil War
Greater responsibilities for women and children during the war
Do you think the population of Texas increased or declined during the Civil War? Be able to explain your answer.
Answer: Declined during the Civil War / increased after
Loss of family members
Union supporters were treated with hostility

12. Reconstruction in Texas
Did the Reconstruction period take place before or after the Civil War?
Answer: After ( )

13. Make a Three Column Chart Title: Reconstruction Effects
Political Economic Social

14. Political Effects 13th Amendment (1865) Abolished slavery
In the early 1800’s Free African Americans could own property, but enslaved African Americans had no rights at all!
Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment (1865) Abolished slavery
14th Amendment (1868) all persons born in the U.S. (except Native Americans) were citizens and that all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of their race.
15th Amendment (1870) All men, regardless of race, were allowed to vote.

15. Economic Effects Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping
Expansion of Railroad –Prior to the Civil War, the Railroad was common in the North but was lacking in the South
Cattle industry booms

16. Freedmen’s bureau established
Social Effects
Juneteenth – June 19th, – Emancipation Day in Texas (African Americans learn they are free)
Freedmen’s bureau established

17. Significant Individuals and Events Concerning Texas and the Civil War

18. Significant Individuals
John B. Magruder-
Commanded Confederate forces in the Battle of Galveston
Retook Galveston by attacking Union ships using steamboats converted to gunboats by lining the sides with cotton bales to protect the gunmen

19. Battle of Palmito Ranch
1863- The Union made plans to invade Texas
This battle was fought along the Rio Grande River
It was fought after the surrender of the Confederacy
- Confederate General Robert E. Lee
surrendered on April 9, 1865 but
Confederate forces did not stop fighting for
another month because word spread slowly
There were no military conflicts associated with the Civil War after this battle
victory for the Confederacy

20. Communication Issues
How was Texas affected by communication issues or developments during the Civil War? Answer: Slow communication allowed for continued fighting and delayed the emancipation of enslaved people for weeks after the war ended.

21. Discussion Question
Should Texas have joined the Confederacy or stayed with the Union?
Explain your answer

22. Structure and Functions of Government

23. City Government Make a Bubble Map
Structure –
Mayor,Council,City Manager
Function –
Provides police and fire protection
Emergency medical services (ambulances)
Constructs sewer and water lines
Inspects structures for health and safety
Establishes zoning rules for construction

24. Sources of Revenue for State and Local Government Make a Bubble Map
State and local governments are funded by taxes
Property Tax – A tax based on the value of your property
Sales Tax – A consumption tax set at 6.25% (Cities, Counties, Etc. may impose and additional 2%) largest source of tax revenue

25. Rights of Texas Citizens
Rights defined in the Texas Constitution and Texas Bill of Rights

26. Article One of the Texas Constitution (Texas Bill of Rights) Make a Bubble Map
Freedom of Worship ( No man shall be forced to attend or support any place of worship)
Freedom of speech and press
Freedom of assembly
Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures
Equality under the law
Fair trial and rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions
Rights of Crime Victims ( They shall be notified of court proceedings as well as the conviction, sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused)

27. Principles of the Constitution
Study the following principles from your vocabulary:
Checks and balances
Separation of powers
Popular sovereignty
Individual rights
federalism