1. Insert CD 6 and bring up Contents
Insert CD 6 and bring up Contents. Click on “Barbara Allen” (CD 6, 36) and then minimize it. You will then be able to toggle (Alt+Tab) between the PowerPoint and the CD. If you have the Active Listening Guides loaded on the computer’s hard drive, you will be able to toggle between them and the PowerPoint lectures.

2. Folk Music of Europe and the Americas
Chapter 41
Folk Music of Europe and the Americas
Begins on page 377

3. European Folk Music Melody Harmony Timbre Accompaniment
Major, minor, pentatonic, and modes
Harmony
I, IV, and V chords in thirds
Timbre
Accompaniment
Remind the class that major and minor scales and chords were presented in Chapter 3. The terms “pentatonic” and “modes” are newer to them. Both can be played on the piano so that the class can hear them. You can also mention that often European folk songs were sung without accompaniment, and if there was one, it was usually basic and simple.

4. European Folk Music Rhythm Homophonic texture Form Subject matter
Strophic
Ballad
Subject matter
The idea of several verses sung to the same melodies is common in Western music, including in church hymns, patriotic songs, and popular music. The rhythm was very metrical and the songs are homophonic. “Barbara Allen” (CD 6, 36) is a famous and excellent example of a ballad with its tragic text in many verses sung with a sense of detachment. European folk music contains many love songs, but also songs about work and personal feelings. A ballad was especially common in England. It relates a story, often tragic, in many verses sung to the same melody.

5. American Folk Music English tradition Work songs Occupational songs
Dance music
Self-Expression
Arrangements
Copyright © 2010 by Schirmer Cengage Learning
American folk music contains most of the characteristics of English folk music. One difference in ballads is that English ones are sung from a third-person point of view, whereas American ballads are usually sung from a first-person point of view. The book mentions examples of each type of song, which are probably known to most instructors. But today’s college students seem remarkably ignorant about most folk songs. So it may be helpful to sing and/or play short portions of them.
Copyright © 2010 by Schirmer Cengage Learning

6. Native American Music Depends on tribe Instruments Functional
Somewhat Asian
American Indian music differ greatly from one area of North America to another and from tribe to tribe. Percussion instruments were common, although some flute music also existed. It was highly functional in character as can be observed in a rain dance or chant to praise a spirit. It has not had a significant impact on American music, because it tends to be more Asian in character, and therefore quite different from the Western music tradition that is dominant in America.
Copyright © 2010 by Schirmer Cengage Learning

7. African American Music
Calls and hollers
Spirituals
Folk blues
Work songs
Instruments
Unlike American Indian music, African American music has had an enormous an impact on American music. Calls and hollers, are short unaccompanied melodies, were heard in the fields. Spirituals were religious songs sung by groups of singers. Originally they were passed on by oral tradition, and were published only in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The Fisk Jubilee Singers played a major role in making them popular with white audiences.
Blues songs are for one singer and usually tell about personal troubles. The form of blues songs is a a b with a standard pattern of chords in the accompaniment. Work songs are much more common in African American music than they are in the larger culture. African American music uses a number of unconventional home-made instruments, including washboards, cowbells, and bottles.

8. Latin American Music Spanish heritage Three subgroups Mestizo Mulato
Zambo
Spanish music has been influenced from a variety of sources: gypsies, Basque music from northern Spain, Arabian music from the 600 years of occupation by the Moors, and French influence from Provencal. This tradition becomes mixed in Latin and South America with African music introduced by the slaves, and often combined with the music of the Native American peoples. Three combinations of such music are mestizo (Native American and Spanish), mulato (African and Spanish), and zambo (African and Native American).
Copyright © 2010 by Schirmer Cengage Learning

9. Latin American Music Musical characteristics Parallel thirds
Melodies in a narrow range
Instruments
Mariachi band
Guitars
The parallel thirds provide a simple harmony to the melodies, which tend to have a narrow range. Mariachi bands originally played for weddings, but soon became a feature in restaurants and on the streets. They include guitars of different sizes, trumpets, and violins. Mexican music is more Spanish in character and less influenced by Indian and African music than is true of most Latin and South American countries.

10. Summary European Folk Music American Folk Music Native American Music
African American Music
Latin American Music
Potential examination items
Terms Modes
Pentatonic scale
Strophic
Ballad
Broadside
Hoedowns (breakdowns)
Hollers, calls
Spiritual
Blues
Bolero
Corrido
Son
Information Types of American folk music
Features of Native American music
Features of African American music
Features of Latin American music