1. Lab 5 : The Cell
Biology department

2. Kingdom: Plantae
Like all eukaryotic cells, including animal cells, plant cells contain membrane-bounded organelles.
Some of these organelles, and other structures, are common to all eukaryotes, while others are found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Among the distinguished features of plant cells are:
Plastid
cell wall
intercellular connection.
Central Vacuole

4. Activity 1 : show onion epidermis cells under the microscope

5. Onion epidermis cells

7. Plant Organelles: Plastids : are organelles that occur only in plants.
Their most prominent members are the chloroplasts (greenplast) In leaves
Other plastids are the colored chromoplasts
flower , tomato & carrot
and the colorless leucoplast.

8. Leucoplasts may be further divided into groups based on physiological function:
Amyloplasts accumulate starch (starch grains).
Elaioplasts accumulate oils.
Proteinoplasts accumulate protein.
Etioplasts represent immature chloroplasts and are present primarily in etiolated (light-deprived) plants.

9. Examples of different plastids:
a) is a chromoplast; b) is a leucoplast; c) is a chloroplast.

10. chloroplasts
are membrane-bound organelles and the site of photosynthesis and ATP production in the autotrophic plant cells.
Like mitochondria, chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA molecules.

11. Activity 2 : show the chloroplast
drop of d.w

12. Chromoplasts in tomato

13. Chromoplasts in carrot :

14. Flower
Inside the petals cell central vacuoles may contain pigments give petals its color & chloroplast also give petals its color
Cytoplasmic streaming :
Focus carefully on a single cell. If you watch the cytoplasm carefully you should see small particles moving in a process called cytoplasmic streaming.

15. Starch grain in potato

16. Algae : Among Protista Have chloroplasts photosynthesis Have many form
Examples :
Chlamydomonas ( cup – shaped chloroplast )
Spirogyra (spiral chloroplasts)

17. Spirogyra

18. Chlamydomonas

19. Kingdom: Fungi
Many of them may look plant-like, but fungi do not make their own food from sunlight like plants do
Fungi include single-celled creatures (the yeasts) and multicellular such as molds or mushrooms.
Yeast cells :
-look like little round or oval blobs under a microscope.
-They're too tiny to see as individuals, but you can see large clusters of them as a white powdery coating on fruits and leaves.

20. Yeast

21. mushrooms

22. :Activity 4
Show Prepared slides of Aspergillus & Penicillium.