1. Volume 114, Issue 2, Pages 404-410 (August 1998)
Sensitivity of Aerosol Bolus Behavior to Methacholine-lnduced Bronchoconstriction 
Kyle G. Hardy, MD, Larry P. Gann, BA, Kevin B. Tennal, MA, Robert Walls, PhD, F. Charles Hiller, MD, Paula J. Anderson, MD 
CHEST 
Volume 114, Issue 2, Pages (August 1998)
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Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. FIGURE 1
Schematic of aerosol bolus apparatus. Monodisperse aerosol is circulated to an apparatus containing three inlets controlled by balloon valves for inhalation of particle-free air, aerosol, and for exhalation. A pneumotachograph continuously measures flow rate and a laser photometer measures particle concentration at the mouthpiece. A computer controls the valves, acquires concentration and flow signals, and integrates flow to calculate volume. Reproduced with permission from Anderson et al.12
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. FIGURE 2
Characterization of aerosol boluses. Both the inhaled and exhaled boluses are described by the position of the mode and the volumetric width at half of aerosol concentration peak height (half-width). Vp is the volume of air inhaled from the mode of the bolus to the end of the inhalation. The exhaled bolus is compared with the inhaled bolus and characterized by the following: (1) degree of spreading (change in half-width, H); (2) change in second moment (ψ10); (3) percentage of particles that deposits in the lungs; and (4) volumetric shift in location of the first moment (MS). Reproduced with permission from Anderson et al.12
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4. FIGURE 3
Superimposed exhaled aerosol boluses traced from raw data taken during MCT in one subject. With increasing doses of MCh, exhaled boluses demonstrate proximal modal shift and increased particle dispersion and deposition.
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Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

5. FIGURE 4
Mean values (±SE) for SGaw, H, Dep, and Vms expressed as a function of cumulative MCh dose. Top (a): SGaw, H, and Dep are expressed as percent change from baseline. Bottom (b): Vms is expressed as the absolute value in milliliters. Numbers of subjects completing each dose, when other than 15, are indicated in panel b (bottom). Large changes in SGaw, Dep, and Vms were noted during the MCT with a lesser change in H. Changes in SGaw, Dep, and Vms occur at the same point in the MCT.
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Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

6. FIGURE 5
Mean values (±SE) for SGaw, H, Dep, and Vms for five subjects expressed as a function of cumulative MCh dose during sham studies. Top (a): SGaw, H, and Dep are expressed as percent change from baseline. Bottom (b): Vms is expressed as the absolute value in milliliters. Sham studies reveal a small amount of variability for H, Dep, and Vms and a larger amount of variability for SGaw.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

7. FIGURE 6
Proportion of subjects with a significant change (p<0.05) from baseline for each of the response indexes expressed as a function of cumulative dose. Numbers of subjects completing each dose, when other than 15, are indicated. A greater percentage of subjects showed significant change from baseline in aerosol indexes compared with change in SGaw at low MCh doses. At most doses, the probability of a significant change is greater for Vms and Dep than for SGaw.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

8. CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1998 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions