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The Fall of Classical Civilizations

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Presentation on theme: "The Fall of Classical Civilizations"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Fall of Classical Civilizations
Han and Rome

2 Internal Decay of the Han State
Court intrigue Formation of actions Problem of land distribution Large landholders develop private armies Epidemics Peasant rebellions 184 CE Yellow Turban Rebellion

3 Collapse of the Han Dynasty
China after the Han Dynasty, 220 CE Generals assume authority, reduce Emperor to puppet figure Alliance with landowners 200 CE Han Dynasty abolished, replaced by 3 kingdoms Immigration of northern nomads increases

4 Sinicization of Nomadic Peoples
Social and cultural changes to a Chinese way of life Adapted to the Chinese environment Agriculture Adoption of Chinese names, dress, intermarriage

5 Popularity of Buddhism and Daoism
Disintegration of political order casts doubt on Confucian doctrines Buddhism, Daoism gain popularity Religions of salvation

6 Fall of the Roman Empire: Internal Factors
The Barracks Emperors claimants to the throne, all but one killed in power struggles Epidemics Disintegration of imperial economy in favor of local and regional self-sufficient economies The Barracks Emperors (AD ) A time of almost constant civil war and constant upheaval in politics. Most of the emperors were generals who seized power by force and violence. The period is part of the "Crisis of the Third Century." AD 235 Maximinus I (the Thracian) AD 268 Claudius Gothicus AD 238 Gordianus I and Gordianus II; Pupienus and Balbinus AD 270 Quintillus Gordianus III Aurelianus AD 244 Philippus (the Arabian) AD 275 Tacitus AD 249 Decius AD 276 Florianus AD 251 Gallus and Volusianus Probus AD 253 Aemilianus AD 282 Carus Valerianus and Gallienus AD 283 Carinus and Numerianus AD 258 Gallienus (alone)

7 Diocletian (r CE) Divided empire into two administrative districts Co-Emperors, dual Lieutenants “Tetrarchs” Currency, budget reform Relative stability disappears after Diocletian's death, civil war follows Constantine emerges victorious

8 Fall of the Roman Empire: External Factors
Visigoths, influenced by Roman law, Christianity Formerly buffer states for Roman Empire Attacked by Huns under Attila in 5th c. CE Massive migration of Germanic peoples into Roman Empire Sacked Rome in 410 CE, established Germanic emperor in 476 CE

9 Germanic invasions and the fall of the western Roman Empire, 450-476 CE

10 Cultural Change in the Roman Empire
Growth of Christianity Constantine’s Vision, 312 CE Promulgates Edict of Milan, allows Christian practice Converts to Christianity 380 CE Emperor Theodosius proclaims Christianity official religion of Roman Empire

11 St. Augustine (354-430 CE) Hippo, North Africa
Experimented with Greek thought, Manichaeism 387 converts to Christianity Major theologian

12 The Institutional Church
Conflicts over doctrine and practice in early Church Divinity of Jesus Role of women Church hierarchy established Patriarchs, Bishop of Rome primus inter pares

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