1. Bell Ringer
How do you think the Sea Floor affects the Ocean?

2. MARINE BIOLOGY Essential Question:
How was the sea floor formed and what is it’s impact on the earth?
Learning Goals:
Learn the geological structure of the Earth and accepted theory of Earth’s formation.
Explore the origin and structures of the ocean basins
Agenda: N/A
Upcoming:
Chapter 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean

3. The Sea Floor
Chapter 2

4. Introduction
The oceans are not simply places were the land happens to be covered by water. The sea floor is __________________________ from the continents!
The sea floor is locked in a ___________of __________________that shapes the oceans and controls much of the geological history of the continents.
The geological processes that occur at the bottom of the ocean affect the ________________________as well!

5. The Water Planet (SLIDE CORRECTION)
Our planet is mostly WATER
Land coverage = 30% of the surface!
Water coverage = 70% of the surface!
The oceans are NOT distributed evenly!
Northern Hemisphere is 60% Water vs. 40% Land
Southern Hemisphere = 80% Water vs. 20% Land

6. Classification of the Oceans
The Oceans are traditionally classified into FOUR large basins!
Pacific Ocean : _________________! (Contains the Mariana Trench*)
_________ Ocean : Larger than Indian but equally deep.
_________ Ocean : Smaller than Atlantic but equally deep.
Arctic Ocean : __________________!
________________* (NOT one of the “Big 4” but considered by oceanographers as the body of water continuously surrounding Antarctica)
Although they are names separately oceanographers consider them a ____________since they are all ______________.
Best seen when viewing the earth from the south pole!*

7. The 4 Major Oceans + “Southern Ocean”

8. The Oceans (Southern Pole View)

9. Structure of the Earth The Earth originated ___________years ago.
Composed of remnants of the ____________(Occurred 13.7 Billion years ago)
Earth was formed by continuous _____________ of dust particles into larger and larger particles giving rise to a large _____________.
Continuous impact and accumulation of rocky substance generated ___________________ leading EARLY earth to have a _________appearance!
“Molten Earth” allowed for materials to settle according to their _________.
Recall Density = Mass / Volume*
Denser materials settled in the ________ forming the _______ & Lighter materials settled on the __________ forming the primitive _________.

10. Dissection of the Layers of the Earth

11. Earth’s Anatomical Breakdown
Core
Inner Core : ______
Outer Core : ______
Mantle
Lower Mantle: _____
Upper Mantle : ___________
Asthenosphere (outermost mantle) is ________.
Crust
Lithosphere: _______ (Rock)
Crust: ______ (outermost surface)
Depth of Crust = 3 to 44 miles
The Kola Superdeep Borehole is only 7.6 miles

12. Continental and Oceanic Crusts
The geological __________ between the ocean and continents result from the __________________differences in the rock that makes up the crust.
Oceanic Crust (Sea Floor) = __________
Make up the sea floor
Dark colored
Oldest are less 200 million y/o
Denser than Granite rock
Continental Crust = __________
Make up continents
Variant color
Oldest are 3.8 billion y/o
Less Dense than Granite Rock

13. _________ Rock

14. __________ Rock

15. Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins
People originally viewed the world as __________________.
In 1620, ______________noted the coasts of the continents on _____________of the Atlantic fit together like pieces of a puzzle.
It was much later noted that _____________________and __________________________ match on opposite sides of the Atlantic.
In 1912, ______________(Geophysicist) proposed detailed hypothesis of ________________________.
Proposed the continents were once _______________ as a “_____________”.
He named this supercontinent ___________.

16. Pangea

17. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Wegener’s Hypothesis was ______ widely accepted because he could not explain ______ the continents moved.
Later proposals also failed due to lack of ___________________________.
In the late 1950’s & early 1960’s all available evidence was combined to conclude the continents drifted apart by way of _______________.
Wegener was RIGHT!

18. Fossil Proof of Pangea