1. Repaso: The present progressive, ir a with infinitives, direct object pronouns
Preview
The present progressive
Using ir a with infinitives
Direct object pronouns

2. The present progressive
To say what is happening right now, use the present progressive.
To form it, use a conjugated form of estar followed by the present participle.
The present participles of stem-changing -ir verbs have the same stem change as in the preterite.
hablar
hablando
add -ando to -ar verbs and -iendo to -er/-ir verbs
hacer
haciendo
escribir
escribiendo

3. The present progressive
To say what is happening right now, use the present progressive.
To form it, use a conjugated form of estar followed by the present participle.
The present participles of stem-changing -ir verbs have the same stem change as in the preterite.
dormir
durmiendo
change o to u
change i to y between vowels
leer
leyendo

4. The present progressive
To say what is happening right now, use the present progressive.
To form it, use a conjugated form of estar followed by the present participle.
The present participles of stem-changing -ir verbs have the same stem change as in the preterite.
¿Qué estás haciendo?
Estoy leyendo.

5. Using ir a with infinitives
Use ir a with an infinitive to say what you and others are going to do.
The verbs ir and venir are usually used in the present tense to mean going or coming.
Hoy vienen mis hermanos. Van a limpiar el garaje.
My brothers are coming today. They’re going to clean the garage.

6. Direct object pronouns
Direct object pronouns can replace nouns already mentioned to avoid repetition.
They go before conjugated verbs or can be attached to an infinitive or present participle.
Subject
Direct Object
Subject
Direct Object yo me me
nosotros(as)
nos us tú te
you
vosotros(as) os
you
usted (m.) lo
you
ustedes (m.)
los
you
usted (f.) la
you
ustedes (f.)
las
you él lo
him, it
ellos
los
them
ella la
her, it
ellas
las
them

7. Direct object pronouns
Direct object pronouns can replace nouns already mentioned to avoid repetition.
They go before conjugated verbs or can be attached to an infinitive or present participle.
stands for
¿Tienes el libro de historia?
Sí, lo tengo.
¿Estás ayudando a Mari con la tarea?
Sí, la estoy ayudando.
Sí, estoy ayudándola.