1. TOWARDS A NEW NORTHRIDGE AFTER THE JANUARY 17, 1994 EARTHQUAKE
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 
lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: January 11, 2015
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2. NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE
4:31 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1994
M 6.8
57 DEATHS
$50 BILLION LOSS
FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

3. FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED
KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
5:46 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1995
M 6.9
6,000 DEATHS
$200 BILLION LOSS
FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

4. NOTE: Working cooperatively with Japan one year later after the Kobe, Japan earthquake occurred helped accelerate the recovery and reconstruction process in Northridge and promote preparedness planning in So. California

5. NORTHRIDGE IS IN THE LOS ANGELES BASIN

6. THE JANUARY 17th EARTHQUAKE WAS NOT THE “BIG ONE”

7. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
THE EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON A “BLIND” THRUST FAULT THAT DID NOT BREAK THE SURFACE
ALMOST A “BULLS EYE” URBAN EARTHQUAKE

8. FAULT SYSTEM: NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE

9. BLIND THRUST FAULTS: A blind thrust fault is assoc-iated with anticlinal folding and does NOT always show clear signs of its subsurface existence on the Earth's surface

10. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
57 DEATHS
9,000 INJURIES
OVER $50 BILLION DAMAGE
TRANSPORT-ATION SYSTEMS FAILED

11. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
THE BUILDING STOCK AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF A LARGE URBAN AREA FAILED WHEN SUBJECTED TO VERY STRONG GROUND SHAKING

12. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
UTILITY SERVICES DISRUPTED
EXPLOSION AND FIRE

13. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
UTILITY CORRIDORS DISRUPTED AND DAMAGED BY LIQUEFACTION

14. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
PARKING FACILITY COLLAPSED

15. COMMERCIAL BUILDING COLLAPSE

16. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
FLAWS FOUND IN THE WELDED CONNECTIONS OF 400 STEEL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME BUILDINGS

17. THE GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA PROVIDED LEADERSHIP FOR URGENT POLITICAL ACTIONS AND TECHNICAL ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNOR’S SEISMIC SAFETY COMMISSION (CSSC)

18. FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA FOR THE ACTIONS WAS BASED ON CALIFORNIA’S STAPLE FACTORS IN 1994
POLITICAL SOLUTIONS
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
STAPLE FACTORS P T S O CA

19. THE STAPLE FACTORS VARY WITH
TIME
PLACE
CIRCUMSTANCES

20. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
ACCELERATE THE HAZARD MAPPING PROGRAM
USE GEOLOGIC INFORMATION AND MAPS FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MEASURES

21. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
CONTINUE SUPPORT OF STATE’S STROMG MOTION PROGRAM
INCREASE INSTRUMENTATION IN MAJOR URBAN AREAS

22. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
ACCELERATE THE IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF AREAS WHERE ACTIVE “BLIND” THRUST FAUTS EXIST

23. CALIFORNIA’S FAULTS (SOURCE: CDMG)

24. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
INCORPORATE KNOWLEDGE OF EFFECTS OF POOR SOIL CONDITIONS INTO BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS

25. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
INCORPORATE KNOWLEDGE OF LOCATIONS OF PERMANENT GROUND DEFORMATION INTO HAZARD ZONE MAPS

26. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
ACCELERATE ACTIVITIES TO MAKE ALL EXISTING BUILDING STOCK SAFER (i.e., FROM DWELLINGS TO SCHOOLS/HOSPITALS

27. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
ACCELERATE EDUCATION AND INTERACTION WITH BUILDING OWNERS, DESIGNERS, AND CONTRACTORS TO IMPROVE SEISMIC SAFETY

28. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
ACCELERATE ACTIVITIES TO MAKE EXISTING HIGHWAY SYSTEMS AND UTILITIES SAFER

29. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
SSC’S REPORT: “TURNING LOSS TO GAIN”
RECOMMENDATION
DETERMINE HOW BEST TO REPAIR STEEL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME CONNECTIONS

30. SSC Report 95-01, Sacramento, California, 160 p.
State of California (1995), Turning Loss to Gain, Report of the Calirornia Seismic Safety Commission to Governor Pete Wilson’s on the Northridge Earthquake
SSC Report 95-01, Sacramento, California, p.

31. TEN YEARS LATER A New Northridge TWENTY-ONE YEARS LATER Using Scenario Earthquakes to Advance Earthquake Disaster Resilience in Southern CA

32. GOAL
INTEGRATING ALL ACCUMULATED KNOWLEDGE INTO A COHERENT RISK MODEL TO ADVANCE PREPAREDNESS AND EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

33. GOAL:IMPROVE REGIONAL EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS (ESF's)
Public Safety and Security Response (ESF 13)
Evacuee Case Management (ESFs 6 & 8)

34. GOAL:IMPROVE REGIONAL EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS (ESF's)
Economic and Community Recovery (ESF 15)
Fire Protection (ESF 4)

35. GOAL:IMPROVE REGIONAL ESF's
Critical Resource Logistics and Distribution  (ESF 7)
Restoration of Lifelines (ESFs 3 & 12)

36. GOAL:IMPROVE REGIONAL ESF's
Hazardous Materials (ESF 10)
Evacuee Case Mgmt / Family Reunification )  (ESF 6 & 8)

37. EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION PREVENTION
ALL ELEMENTS ARE INTERRELATED
RECOVERY/RE-CONSTRCTION
EARLY WARNING
EM. RESPONSE

38. 2008: SCENARIO EARTHQUAKES FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
SIMULATING WHAT SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA IS LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE IN THE FUTURE
Source: US Geological Survey

39. SCENARIO IS BASED ON KNOWLEDGE GAINED THROUGH MONITORING, RESEARCH, AND POSTEARTHQUAKE STUDIES THROUHOUT THE WORLD

40. ELEMENTS OF A SCENARIO
HAZARDS
EXPOSURE
RISK
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION

41. SEISMICITY
TECTONIC
SETTING & FAULTS
EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD MODEL

42. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AREA

43. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA “SHAKEOUT: SCENARIO
Southern California is prone to earthquakes because of its location near the boundary between two major tectonic plates.
Much, but not all, of the stress release happens on the San Andreas fault.

44. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AREA
The Location of “The Big One,” which occurred on the San Andreas fault in and moderate-to-large earthquakes that occurred on “blind” thrust faults (e.g., Northridge)

45. HISTORIC EARTHQUAKES

46. MAJOR FAULTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

47. 2008: EARTHQUAKE PROB-ABILITIES MAP

48. SAN ANDREAS

49. GROUND SHAKING 60 SECONDS AFTER FAULT RUPTURE

50. THE Mw 7.8 SHAKEOUT QUAKE
BE READY: The magnitude 7.8 ShakeOut earthquake will likely cause about 1800 deaths and $213 billion in economic losses.

51. SHAKEOUT SCENARIO
The goal of the ShakeOut Scenario is to identify the physical, social and economic consequences of a major earthquake in southern California , and in so doing, enable end users to identify what they can change now—before the earthquake—to avoid catastrophic impact after the inevitable “big one” recurs.