1. Delivering a Confident Presentation13
Delivering a Confident Presentation

2. Delivering a Confident Presentation
Managing the Fear of Speaking
Types of Delivery
Selecting the Words for Your Speech
Aspects of Delivery
Delivering a Responsible Presentation

3. Delivering a Confident Presentation
All speakers, with sincere effort and diligent practice, can improve their delivery and learn to present their ideas effectively

4. Managing the Fear of Speaking
Communication apprehension is the fear of communication situations
Most people experience some degree of anxiety about giving a speech
You can reduce and manage your apprehension by preparing and practicing, relaxing and visualizing (Ayres, Heuett, and Sonandre 1998)

5. Managing the Fear of Speaking
“Public speaking is easier than social conversation because you can plan what you want to say and be guaranteed a specific time in which to say it without interruption In addition, you will likely be the best prepared person there.” —Gerald Phillips, communication scholar

6. Managing the Fear of Speaking
Taking Control of Your Presentation
Making thorough preparation and practice of your speech is the single most important thing you can do to reduce your nervousness
Learning to Relax
You need to control, at least partially, the physical symptoms of fear to deliver your speech

7. Managing the Fear of Speaking
Visualizing a Positive Outcome
Visualization refers to a technique used to control communication apprehension by replacing negative thoughts with positive ones
Think in specific detail about a successful speech experience and what it will look like

8. Managing the Fear of Speaking
Applying Communication Concepts
Conquering Stage Fright
How does physical relaxation help your delivery?
How might a tense body hinder delivery?

9. Managing the Fear of Speaking
“Many of us under stress of speaking publicly Stop breathing just when we need it most. Frequently we try to speak on one long breath The trick is to keep breathing as you speak.” —Patsy Rodenburg, vocal coach, Royal Shakespeare Company

10. Types of Delivery Using a Manuscript
In manuscript speaking, the speaker reads from a script that is written out word for word
Limits a speaker’s ability to deliver the speech effectively
Practice the speech
Read the speech out loud several times
Glance up at the audience while completing sentences from memory
Read slowly
Use pauses

11. Types of Delivery Delivering a Speech from Memory
In memorized speaking, the speaker writes out the speech, memorizes the content, and then delivers the speech word for word without the use of notes
Practice the speech from beginning to end
Memorize and practice the speech in segments

12. Types of Delivery Impromptu Delivery
Impromptu speaking means delivering the speech with little or no preparation
Take what little time you have and organize your ideas
As you speak, avoid vocal pauses—sounds speakers make while stopping to think of what they are going to say, such as “ah,” “a,” “and a,” “um,” and “uh”
Be concise

13. Types of Delivery
“It usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.” —Mark Twain, author

14. Types of Delivery Speaking Extemporaneously
Extemporaneous speaking involves using a keyword outline to deliver a prepared speech
Builds connections with the audience
Allows flexibility in responding to audience feedback
Lets the speaker adjust the length of the speech

15. Selecting the Words for Your Speech
Be Clear
Select words that are precise and specific
Be Vivid
Select words that evoke imagery, or a mental picture, in the mind of the audience
Use metaphors to compare one thing, idea, or action to another
Select similes, types of metaphors that compare two things using the words “like” or “as”
Avoid clichés, worn-out phrases that have lost their vividness

16. Selecting the Words for Your Speech
Be Conversational
Use words that include the audience such as “we” and “our”
Use other personal pronouns
User first person when referring to yourself
Talk directly to the audience
Use rhetorical questions—questions you want the audience to think about but not answer vocally

17. Aspects of Delivery Using Your Voice
Good vocal delivery depends on both loudness and clarity
Pronunciation is saying word according to accepted standard of English and in agreement with the expectations of the audience
Enunciation refers to saying the words clearly

18. Aspects of Delivery Using Your Voice
Good vocal delivery depends on both loudness and clarity (continued)
Rate is how quickly or slowly the speech is delivered
Volume is how loudly the speech is delivers
Inflection is the vocal emphasis you place on each word
Vocal variety refers to varying the rate, volume, and inflection in delivering a speech

19. Aspects of Delivery Applying Communication Concepts Tongue Twisters
Which twisters are the most difficult for you to say?
Which combination of syllables or words is difficult to enunciate?
Does speaking slowly help your enunciation

20. Aspects of Delivery Using Your Body and Hands
Use Good Speaking Posture
Make the Most of Your Gestures

21. Aspects of Delivery Exploring Communication Concepts Hand Gestures
Are you aware of the gestures you use when you talk in conversations? Speak before groups?
According to this research, what are some ways that hand gestures can help in delivering a speech?

22. Aspects of Delivery Using Your Face and Eyes
Facial expression need to match the speech content
Eye contact, looking at the audience when delivering a speech, is the most important facial gesture

23. Aspects of Delivery Using Speaking Aids
Speaking aids refers to visual and auditory props which speakers use to develop a speech and help the audience conceptualize ideas
Use speaking aids that add content to the speech
Make sure the aid can be seen or heard by everyone in the audience
Use speaking aids at specific points in the speech
Avoid distributing visual aids, such as hand outs, during your speech
Keep the aid simple

24. Aspects of Delivery Using Speaking Aids (continued)
Explain your aid to the audience
Practice with the speaking aid
If something goes wrong with your aid, do not panic or lose control of the situation
Remember your audience when using a speaking aid

25. Aspects of Delivery Think It Over Using Dramatic Speech Aids
How might his audience react to the pictures?
Is his choice of speaking aid appropriate? Is it effective? Why or Why not?

26. Aspects of Delivery Using Computers Know the software thoroughly
Resist the “gizmo” factor
Use no more than six words per line and six lines per slide
Use a font that is clear and legible, and forget fancy fonts with lots of scrolls and adornments
Use a large font size
Use a consistent format, color scheme, and method of text animation
Use a plain or simple background

27. Aspects of Delivery Using Computers Maintain your speaker’s presence
Use a computer presentation in the appropriate situations and places
Expect the unexpected and do not panic

28. Aspects of Delivery
Figure Guidelines for Computer Slides
Clean and simple computer slides are most effective

29. Delivering a Responsible Presentation
Choose Appropriate Language
Avoid generic use of the word “man”
Avoid masculine pronouns
Balance male and female examples
Use Appropriate Gestures

30. Summary
Most speakers can control or manage apprehension by preparing, relaxing, and visualizing success
Four different types of delivery, manuscript speaking, memorized speaking, impromptu speaking, and extemporaneous speaking, exist
You should use words that are clear, vivid, and conversational

31. Summary
Speak clearly and project your voice, vary the rate, volume, and inflection of you voice, look at the entire audience, and practice appropriate facial gestures
Speakers should use language and gestures that are culturally sensitive and inclusive