1. MACROMOLECULES
Chapter 2
Honors Bio

3. Amino Acids join together to form a polypeptide chain (protein)

4. What do proteins do?
Some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some are used to form bones and muscles. Others transport substances into or out of the cells. Others help to fight diseases.
What is the indicator for proteins?
the reagent used to test for
proteins is buirets solution
the positive color change is a
light purple, violet

5. Some proteins regulate the rate of chemical reactions
-- these are called
enzymes–
enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy

6. Enzymes
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. The reactants are known as substrates.
The substrates fit into an active site on the enzyme. The enzyme and substrate bind together to form an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex has a very precise fit, like a lock & key.
Enzymes are not used up in the process, but continue to be operational.

7. What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
You need to know the three
parts that make up a
Nucleotide
Phosphate group
5 carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base

8. DNA The 5 carbon sugar for DNA is deoxyribose
The nitrogenous base pairs for DNA
Adenine – Thymine
Guanine --- Cytosine
Hydrogen bonds hold these base pairs together

9. RNA The 5 carbon sugar is ribose The nitrogenous base pairs for RNA
Adenine – Uracil
Guanine --- Cytosine
Hydrogen bonds hold
these base pairs together

10. What do nucleic acids do?
They store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.
DNA is the basic instructions for living things. It is passed down from parent to offspring and is found in the nucleus of the cell.
RNA’s principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.
What is the indicator for nucleic acids?
There is not one

11. What macromolecule is this?
Lipids
Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, & steroids

12. What do lipids do?
Lipids can be used to store energy.
Some lipids are important parts of
biological membranes (cell membrane)
and waterproof coverings due to being
hydrophobic.
What is the indicator that tests for lipids?
Sudan & the positive color change is red
or there is the brown paper bag test

13. Saturated vs Unsaturated Lipids

14. What macromolecule is this?
Carbohydrates

15. What do carbohydrates do?
Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals use them for structural purposes (cellulose, fiber, in plants & chitin in the exoskeleton of arthropods)

16. Carbohydrates are found in a 1:2:1 ratio. Example C6H12O6 glucose
Carbohydrates consist of sugars and starches
What is the indicator for sugars?
Benedicts reagent tests for sugars & the positive color change is orange
glucose and fructose are simple sugars,
sucrose is a starch and therefore is negative
when testing for sugar

17. What is the indicator for starch
What is the indicator for starch? Iodine (also known as lugols) & the positive color change is dark purple/ black

18. Macromolecule review video
Bozeman science