1. Chapter 6 Urinary System
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2. Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the urinary system.
Chapter 6
Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the urinary system.
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3. Function The urinary system: removes waste material from the body
regulates fluid volume
maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid
assists in blood pressure regulation
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4. Urinary System
Organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
The kidneys secrete urine. Urine is collected in the renal pelvis of the kidney and is transported through the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until it can be eliminated. Urine passes from the bladder through the urethra and urinary meatus to the outside of the body.
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5. Male and Female Urinary System
Identify the unique anatomical features of the male and female urinary tract.
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6. Urinary System
kidneys: two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity; their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances
nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure; approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney
renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureters
Use a 3-D model of the urinary system, preferably one with removable parts, to identify the individual organs described in this and the next two slides.
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7. Urinary System (cont’d)
ureters: two slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
urinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine
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8. Urinary System (cont’d)
urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (female, approx. 1.5 inches; male, approx. 8 inches)
urinary meatus: the opening through which urine passes to the outside
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9. Chapter 6
Objective 2: Define and spell word parts related to the urinary system.
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10. Combining Forms for the Urinary System
cyst/o, vesic/o
glomerul/o
meat/o
nephr/o, ren/o
pyel/o
ureter/o
urethr/o
cyst/o and vesic/o refer to the urinary bladder, unless otherwise identified.
Glomerulus derived from the Latin glomus, which means ball of thread. It was thought that the rounded cluster of capillary loops at the nephron’s entrance resembled thread in a ball.
meat/o = meatus (opening).
Meatus is derived from the Latin meare, meaning to pass or to go. Other anatomic passages share the same name, such as the auditory meatus.
Pyelos is the Greek word for tub-shaped vessel, which describes the kidney’s shape.
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11. Review Question Have students label the illustration.
Answers: 1. pyel/o, 2. glomerul/o
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12. Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms
albumin/o
azot/o
blast/o
glycos/o, glyc/o
hydr/o
lith/o
noct/i
olig/o
urin/o, ur/o
Point out that noct/i is the only combining form using the combining vowel i in this chapter.
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13. Suffixes -iasis, -esis -lysis -ptosis -rrhaphy -tripsy -trophy -uria
Ask the students the meaning of each suffix.
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14. Three of Four Suffixes Beginning with -rrh
Suffix Meaning Chapter
-rrhea flow, discharge
-rrhagia rapid flow of blood
-rrhaphy suturing, repairing
Ask students to provide some examples of terms with the suffixes shown on the slide.
The fourth suffix is –rrhexis meaning rupture is presented in chapter 9 on obstetrics and neonatology.
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15. Review Question olig/o is a: word root combining vowel combining form
suffix
Answer: c)
Provide a medical term using the combining form – olig/o/uria.
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16. Chapter 6
Objective 3: Define, pronounce, and spell disease and disorder terms related to the urinary system.
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17. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
azotemia
cystitis
cystocele
cystolith
glomerulonephritis
hydronephrosis (animation on Student Evolve site)
nephritis
nephroblastoma
nephrohypertrophy
nephrolithiasis
Azotemia is also called uremia.
Nephroblastoma is also called Wilms’ tumor.
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18. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)
nephroma
nephromegaly
nephroptosis
pyelitis
pyelonephritis
ureteritis
ureterocele
ureterolithiasis
ureterostenosis
urethrocystitis
Nephroptosis is also called a floating kidney.
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19. Helpful Information
To correctly define the term hematuria, start at the beginning of the word.
Hematuria means blood in the urine.
Azotemia, also called uremia, is urea and other waste products in the blood
To correctly define the term uremia, also start at the beginning of the word.
Hematuria is a symptom; azotemia (uremia) is a serious disorder.
Ask students to pronounce terms.
Why would it be important to start at the beginning of the words hematuria and uremia?
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20. Chapter 6
Objective 6: Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related to the urinary system.
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21. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
albuminuria
anuria
diuresis
dysuria
glycosuria
hematuria
meatal
nephrologist
nephrology
nocturia
oliguria
polyuria
pyuria
urinary
urologist
urology
Ask students to pronounce and define the listed terms.
Discuss the difference between a urologist and a nephrologist. A urologist treats diseases of the male and female urinary system and the male reproductive system both medically and surgically. A nephrologist treats kidney diseases and prescribes dialysis therapy.
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22. Chapter 6
Objective 8: Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements, documents, and electronic health records.
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23. Read Medical Terms in Use
A 76-year-old woman consulted with her primary care physician because of hematuria and dysuria. She was referred to a urologist. Urinalysis disclosed 1+ albumin and mild pyuria in addition to the hematuria. A spiral CT scan was obtained. Mild nephrolithiasis was observed but no hydronephrosis. Finally a cystoscopy was performed, which showed mild cystitis. A urinary tract infection was diagnosed and the patient responded favorably to antibiotics. The urologist did not advise lithotripsy for the renal calculi.
Ask students to pronounce and define the bolded terms.
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