1. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

2. Spain’s Empire Background Charles V- Holy Roman Emperor(1556)
Gives Ferdinand (brother) Austria & Holy Roman Emp.
Gives Philip II (son) Spain & Spanish colonies
What was happening in the HRE during the 1500s that would have led to Charles V retirement?

3. Reign of Philip II begins
Seized kingdom of Portugal
Gold and Silver poured into empire…all that glitters is not gold though (lessons of the Muslim Empires)

4. Philip II’s Religious Conflicts
Reconquista just ended
“Campaign to remove Muslims from Spain”
Duty to defend Catholicism from ALL opposition
Philip II sends ships to fight Ottomans – wins
Tries to attack English (Elizabeth I)
Big Mistake…

5. The Defeat of Spanish Armada In 1588 English Fire ships!
England
had smaller,
faster ships
And the
weather played
a BIG part.

6. Spain’s Golden Age
Escorial-
What are the reasons for designing a palace?
What could a palace like the Escorial symbolize?

7. Philip II and his government
Religious control  Spain and ALL parts of empire were CATHOLIC…end of story
Spanish nobility –> served as viceroys, admirals, or generals
Was this an example of Philip II sharing power?
Social prestige not political power

8. Philip II and government
Council of State  advises the King, but the King never showed
What was the purpose of having this “Council of State”?
The role of professional graduates
Execute royal authority not formulate it
Promotion through efficiency

9. Empire Weakens Money was only temporary Inflation
Growing population  what do they need?
Tons of silver  how is that a bad thing?
Jews & Muslims expelled = businessmen
Nobles did not pay taxes
Poor paid taxes, prevented a middle class

10. Spain’s Enemies Spanish cloth very expensive
Buy French & English cloth
Wealth goes to enemies  angered Philip II
No $$ to declare wars…had to borrow it
Any $$ coming into Spain, went right to other countries
Declare bankruptcy

11. Dutch Revolt Under Spanish control Raised taxes very high
Spain – Very Catholic
Dutch – Very Protestant
Raised taxes very high
Dutch fight back, destroy Catholic churches
Send in Spanish Duke of Alva
Kills 1,500 on one day
11 yrs. Later, declare indep.

12. STOP
0-6:55/
What were the reasons Spain and England did not get along?
After watching the video, what in world history might be changed had the Spanish Armada won?

13. Absolutism in Europe Monarchs wanted to be absolute monarchs
“Kings or Queens who hold ALL power within their states’ boundaries.”
Control EVERY aspect of society
Divine Right
“Idea that God created the monarchy and the monarchy was God’s representative on Earth.”
Answer only to God, not subjects

14. Growing Power Decline of Feudalism – Centralized Authority
Growing Middle Class – Back Monarch
Wealth from Colonies – Merchant Class
Religious Conflicts – Lose Power
Conflict in Territories – Increase Monarch Power

15. Monarchs Regulate Everything Create Gov’t Bureaucracies
Social gatherings & Religious Worship
Create Gov’t Bureaucracies
Free Themselves From Limitations
Most Famous is Louis XIV of France…
…To Be Continued…