1. American Presidents:
Madison - Tyler

2. James Madison (1809-1817) Republican-Democrat
September Americans in West Florida seized it and offered it to US
October Proclamation to occupy West Florida as Madison believed it to have been part of the original Louisiana Purchase
April Louisiana admitted to the Union as 18th State
June Madison’s Declaration of War approved by Congress (War of begins)
November Madison wins reelection

4. Madison (Continued)
first mechanized weaving factory in Lowell Mass.
March Napoleon’s empire collapses
August Madison flees Washington; British burn the White House
December Treaty of Ghent signed
January Jackson wins at Battle of New Orleans; national hero
April Indiana becomes a state
American System - Protective Tariff, National Bank, Transportation (National Road and Erie Canal) under Henry Clay ** Era of Good Feeling

6. James Monroe (1817-1825) Democratic-Republican
April Rush-Bagot Treaty with Britain limits naval capacity on Great Lakes post War of 1812
December Mississippi becomes a state
December Calhoun (Sec of War) orders Jackson to quell Seminole Indian revolts in Florida
June Monroe gives Pensacola back to Spain despite Jackson’s victory

7. Monroe (Continued)
October Anglo-American Convention agrees on 49th Parallel boundary
December Illinois and Alabama admitted as states
January Panic of cotton collapse, decline in real estate value
February Adams-Onus Treaty with Spain - FA acquired for $5 million
March Maryland v McCulloch - states can’t tax federal agencies
March Missouri Compromise (Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state, slavery only south of 36º30' )

9. Monroe Continued March 1820 - Maine admitted as a free state
August Missouri admitted as slave state
December Monroe Doctrine adopted (no further European colonization in N or S America, US won’t interfere with existing colonies, US isolationism and neutrality from European conflicts) ** Cornerstone for US foreign policy **
Doctrine invoked later by James Polk and Theodore Roosevelt
May Tariff of South fears British retaliation increased cotton prices

11. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) Federalist, Democratic-Republican, Whig
February controversial election - Jackson 99 votes, Adams 84 votes, Crawford 41, Clay 37 - Clay puts his votes to Adams at end to become Secretary of State * Jackson is furious!
October first part of Erie Canal completed
May Tariff of Abomination - high tariffs on raw materials & Br. woolens - angers VA in particular - Calhoun encourages states’ rights to nullify federal laws
Tariff leads to Adams’ loss in the subsequent election

13. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) Democrat
War of Battle of New Orleans
Military Victories in Florida (Old Hickory)
March inaugural address institutes ‘spoils system’ of fed. office rotation
April Calhoun threatens southern nullification of tariffs - Jackson threatens military intervention
May Indian Removal Act - forced removal of Cherokee, Creeks and other tribal groups to west of the Mississippi ** Trail of Tears **

15. Jackson Continued
July 1832 – Clay had convinced Congress to renew the Bank Charter but Jackson vetoes a bill to extend charter of 2nd Bank of the US - felt the bank favoured northerners and was elitist and unconstitutional - Jacksonian Democracy favoring the small farmer and working man; Bank of United States closed in 1841
November SC adopts Ordinance of Nullification for duties and tariffs and threatens secession (VP Calhoun had declared that states could nullify federal laws)
December Jackson issued Nullification Proclamation saying states cannot nullify federal laws and threatens to collect tariffs by force if necessary;
March Force Act signed; Clay proposed a Compromise Tariff to appease SC by gradually reducing tariffs and the conflict was resolved
1832 Election Jackson won large majority

17. Jackson & Martin Van Buren
1836 election – presidential 2 term tradition caused Jackson’s VP Van Buren to be the Democratic nominee; he won over 3 separate Whig candidates
March Jackson recognizes Texan independence just before Martin Van Buren is sworn in as president on March 4,
Panic of western land speculation, no national bank, easy credit, drop in cotton prices due to oversupply - severe depression for 6 years with banks failing, unemployment – Van Buren and the Democrats were blamed

18. Harrison & Tyler
March 1841 – Whig William Henry Harrison beats Van Buren in a landslide election on the slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” but he died of pneumonia 1 month after the election and John Tyler (VP) becomes president
Tyler president - advocated states’ rights with no federal funding for internal improvements and he vetoed the bank twice
1844 Whigs selected Henry Clay instead of Tyler to contest James Polk (Democratic Nominee)
Mar Texas Annexation Bill