1. Accelerator R&D and Particle Physics at PSI
European Laboratory for Particle Physics
Particle Accelerator Physics Laboratory
Accelerator R&D and Particle Physics at PSI
Lenny Rivkin, PSI & EPFL

2. Accelerator R&D in Switzerland and Particle Physics at PSI
High intensity protons
LHC and its upgrades: high energy frontier
PSI cyclotron: neutron and muon sources
High intensity/precision frontier experiments
Advanced Light Sources and e+e- colliders
X-ray Free Electron Laser: PSI-XFEL
Small emittance optimisation in storage rings (SLS)
Important synergies between CERN and PSI!

3. LHC Upgrades CERN Doctoral Program!
Currently 12 EPFL doctoral students
Some examples:
Beam beam interaction simulations (T. Pieloni)
Smaller beam size at the IP (R. de Maria)
Dipole first ‚D0‘ (G. Sterbini)
Injector chain upgrade, SPS intensity limit (B. Salvant) …

4. Overview high power accelerators

5. The proton accelerator

6. Handling of high power proton beams
PSI 2.2 mA (1.3 MW on target) Permit for 2.4 mA, then for 2.6 mA
LHC design:
0.5 MW!

7. High intensity/precision frontier
MEG (meg)
UCN, nEDM
FAST
MuSun
m Hydrogen Lamb shift

8. LFV in SM and SUSY
While LFV is forbidden in SM, it is possible in SUSY g W- m- nm ne e- g m- e-
≈ 10-12
Current experimental limit: BR(m  e g) < 10-11

9. “Accidental” Background
m  e g
Background g g g n
m  e nn m m n e
Annihilation
in flight
180º e m e n
m  e nn n
m → e g signal very clean
Eg = Ee = 52.8 MeV
qge = 180º
e and g in time
Good energy resolution
Good spatial resolution
Excellent timing resolution
Good pile-up rejection

10. Status of the MEG experiment
First engineering run end of 2007
Careful detector calibration May-August 2008
Physics data taking started September 2008
Achieved in 2008:
1013 m in detector acceptance
No result yet because of “blind analysis”
Expect to improve the current limit of BR(meg) = 1.2 x 10-11
Plan for 2009: Double statistics, improve detector efficiencies
Achieve BR(meg)  by 2011/2012
1013 m+ in acceptance
cooling water problem
accelerator
service
2008

12. High intensiry/precision frontier
MEG (meg)
UCN, nEDM
FAST
MuSun
m Hydrogen Lamb shift

13. UCN = Ultra Cold Neutrons
UCN Source at PSI
UCN = Ultra Cold Neutrons
Latest news:
UCN tank delivered at PSI on September 4th, 2008
2m3 vacuum
UCN storage
30 liters, 5K solid D2
p-beam 1.2 MW 1% duty cycle
3.6 m2 D2O
ucn.web.psi.ch

14. UCN = Ultra Cold Neutrons
UCN Source at PSI
UCN = Ultra Cold Neutrons
2m3 vacuum
UCN storage
30 liters, 5K solid D2
Source commissioning starts in fall 2009
Will deliver several 109 UCN every ~ s
~1000 cm-3 UCN in typical experiments
(today this is ~10 cm-3 at ILL Grenoble)
p-beam 1.2 MW 1% duty cycle
3.6 m2 D2O
ucn.web.psi.ch

15. Neutron EDM Search P, T CP
Use UCN for an improved
Neutron EDM Search P, T CP + _
Neutron EDM
violates parity P and
time reversal invariance T + _

16. Neutron EDM Search P, T CP
Strategy: Experiment with UCN in vacuum and apparatus at ambient temperature. Use double UCN chamber, co-magnetometry and multiple external magnetometers. nedm.web.psi.ch
Present best limit: dn < 2.9 x e cm
Sussex-RAL-ILL collaboration
C. A. Baker et al., PRL 97 (2006)
nEDM collaboration 15 groups, 50 people
Move from ILL to PSI March 2009
Data taking at PSI 2010 – 2011 (Phase II) Sensitivity goal: 5x10-27ecm
New n2EDM operational 2011/12
Operation of new n2EDM apparatus 2012 – 2015 (Phase III) Sensitivity goal: 5x10-28ecm

17. The Neutron EDM Collaboration
Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Caen
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow
Henryk Niedwodniczanski Inst. for Nucl. Physics, Cracow
Joint Institute of Nuclear Reasearch, Dubna
Département de physique, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg
Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching
Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble
Biomagnetisches Zentrum, Jena
Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven
Inst. für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
Inst. für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
Technische Universität, München
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen
M. Burghoff, S. Knappe-Grüneberg,
T. Sander-Thoemmes, A. Schnabel, L. Trahms
G. Ban, Th. Lefort, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, E. Pierre1, G. Rogel2
K. Bodek, St. Kistryn, M. Kuzniak1, J. Zejma
A. Kozela
N. Khomutov
M. Cvijovic, P. Knowles, A.S. Pazgalev, A. Weis
P. Fierlinger, M. Horras1, F. Kuchler
N.N.
G. Quéméner, D. Rebreyend, S. Roccia
G. Bison
N. Severijns, N.N.
N. du Fresne von Hohenesche, G. Hampel, J.V. Kratz,
T. Lauer, C. Plonka-Spehr, N. Wiehl
W. Heil, Yu. Sobolev3
I. Altarev, E. Gutsmiedl, S. Paul, R. Stoepler
M. Daum, R. Henneck, K. Kirch, A. Knecht4, B. Lauss,
A. Mtchedlishvili, G. Petzoldt, G. Zsigmond

18. High intensity/precision frontier
MEG (meg)
UCN, nEDM
FAST
MuSun
m Hydrogen Lamb shift

19. Muon Lifetime Measurement with FAST
FAST aims for a 2ppm (4 ps) measurement of the μ+ lifetime to determine the Fermi constant GF to 1ppm
Increase the event sample by a factor 100 and reduce the systematics by a factor 10 compared to earlier measurements.
This requires a precise measurement of few x1011 μ+ decays over several tm periods (Imaging , parallel acquisition, high rate)
A continuous p+ beam (pM1) is stopped in a highly granular fast imaging target.
The full p-m-e chain is identified by FPGA logic and the time of particles is measured.
DAQ data flow of 80 MBytes/s requires online analysis.
Remote operation of the detector, group of only about 10 act. members.
March 5,2009 RECFA, K. Deiters

20. Results and Outlook 2006 – 2007 Commissioning 1010 events taken
2008 Data Taking
3 x 1011 events taken in 140 days
Very preliminary:
d (tm) = 3.2 ppm (stat) d (GF) = 1.6 ppm
2009 last year of data taking:
Runs to study systematics
Additional data set of 3 x 1011 events to finish the 1ppm measurement
Physics Letters B 663 (2008) 172–180
March 5,2009 RECFA, K. Deiters

21. High intensity/precision frontier
MEG (meg)
UCN, nEDM
FAST
MuSun
m Hydrogen Lamb shift

22. a precise measurement of the μd-capture rate
the MuSun experiment at PSI (Urbana-Gatchina-PSI-Lexington-Boston-Louvain collaboration)
μ + d  n + n + νμ
model-independent connection via effective field theories
a precise measurement of the μd-capture rate
calibrates the basic solar fusion reaction p + p  d + e+ +  and important neutrino reactions  + d  p + p + e- /  p + n + 

23. cut-out view of the MuSun detector: measures the μ  e lifetime of each stopping muon
eSC e-
ePC2
ePC1
mPC
Cryo-TPC μ-
mSC

24. the 30K Cryo-TPC (l=15cm, h=10cm - in construction at Gatchina)

25. High intensity/precision frontier
MEG (meg)
UCN, nEDM
FAST
MuSun
m Hydrogen Lamb shift

29. Accelerators R&D at PSI
PSI-XFEL
Accelerators R&D at PSI
Synchrotron Light Source
Second
generation
X-ray laser
Proton Cyclotron
Innovative concept for a compact X-ray laser
Small emittance
High gradient acceleration (DC, RF)
Lower current beam
Lower electron energy, shorter linac
Shorter undulator period

30. X-FEL facilities European XFEL DESY 2013 Japan SCSS – SPring8 2010 USA
1 km
Japan
SCSS – SPring8 2010
USA
LCLS – SLAC 2009

31. Small emittance gun R&D Tests of field emission, high „DC“ accelerating gradient based source

32. First results with low emittance demonstration R&D
Laser Photo-Field Emission from Needle Cathodes for Low Emittance Electron Beams, R. Ganter et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, (2008)

33. Construction of 250 MeV injector
PSI – XFEL
Layout

34. CLIC @ 12 GHz: synergies with PSI-XFEL
CLIC 100 MeV/m accelerating structures development needs stand alone klystron source: ordered 1 from SLAC PSI – XFEL also needs such sources ordered 2 from SLAC Testing is done at SLAC and KEK for now… two beam test stand at the CTF3 test facility at CERN
PSI/EPFL contributions to CTF3

35. Stable small emittance beams in rings
Constant thermal load on:
Beam line optics
Accelerator components (BPMs, vacuum chamber…)
Beamsizes σx σy [µm]
Tunnel Temperature [0C] 25 ± 0.03
average Temperatures of the 5 Sectors
25.4
25.3
25.2
25.1
25.0
24.9
24.8
24.7
1 day σx σy
1 day σx
1 mm
average Temperatures of the 5 Sectors
0.050
Vertical emittance ey  4 pm-rad; coupling ey/ex ~ 0.08%

36. Damping Rings beam emittances

37. CMS Barrel Pixel System
PSI / Uni ZH / ETHZ / Uni BS */ HEPHY
3 Layers: r = 4, 7, 11 cm
3D precision tracking points
Measure impact parameter
from b, c, t – particles decays
Track seeding in CMS
Pixel Module
Development of :
ROC, Bumpbonding & Module (PSI)
Sensor (PSI, Uni BS, Uni ZH)
Readout Chain & Module Testing (ETHZ)
Mechanics & Supply Tube (Uni. ZH)
VME - FED module (HEPHY, Vienna)
(65mm x 22mm) ~ 65’000 pixel

38. PSI Pixel Detector for the CMS Experiment@CERN
Pixel modules mounted onto C-fibre mechanics
768 pixel modules
3 cylindrical layers
 48 Mega pixel
Pixel modules designed for continous data rates of 40 Mega frames /sec  LHC Physics
Pixel Detector successfully installed and integrated in the center of CMS taking cosmics 25. July 08
Installation into CMS 24.July 08

39. CMS Cosmic Run Nov 2008 CRAFT Run
Cosmic Run of whole CMS with 3.8T magnetic field
gives about 77k cosmic tracks in Pixel Detector
Pixel Detector works well
Alignment of pixel detector
Test & understand detector

40. BESSY Innovation Price 2007
CMS Pixel Spin-Off : Pilatus X-ray Pixel Detector
X-ray counting digital pixel detector for synchrotron applications
Digital X-ray film  fast, direct, distortion free electronic readout
Spin off development ( 1997 ) from CMS Pixel Detector
Spin off company
DECTRIS 2007
2009 ~ 15 employees
Delivers advances pixel x-ray detectors to all major synchrotron labs in world
80mm
36 mm
BESSY Innovation Price 2007
Ch. Brönnimann, SLS
E. Eikenberry, SLS
R. Horisberger, TEM

41. Cancer treatment with proton beam
TUMOR CONTROL 95%
(Brain-, head and neck-, spine- tumors, pelvis sarcoma)
Patients every 25 – 30 min 420
Children under anesthesia 40
EYE MELANOMA 98%
Patients treated 5000

42. COME VISIT PSI!