1. Body Systems

2. ANATOMY
– study of the parts of the body

3. PHYSIOLOGY
– function of the body

4. ANATOMICAL POSITION
– standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

5. Anatomic Terminology – Position and Direction
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of
POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of

6. CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body
CAUDAL – means tail end

7. SUPERIOR – upper or above something
INFERIOR – lower or below something

8. MEDIAL – toward the middle
LATERAL – toward the side of the body

9. PROXIMAL – toward the
point of attachment
to the body or the trunk
of the body
DISTAL – away from
the point of
attachment to the body

10. DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body
SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body

11. Body Planes and Sections
PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes
SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane

12. SAGITTAL PLANE
– divides the body into right and left parts

13. CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE
– vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

14. TRANSVERSE PLANE
– cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

16. Cavities of the Body DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord –
the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY
and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY.

18. ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY
contains the
THORACIC and
ABDOMINOPELVIC
CAVITIES

19. Thoracic cavity
Contains the lungs and heart

20. ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder
and pancreas

21. PELVIC CAVITY
contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

22. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Rt. Hypochondriac
Lt. hypochondriac
Epigastric
Rt. Lumbar
Lt. Lumbar
Umbilical
Rt. Inguinal
Hypogastric
Lt. Inguinal

25. TISSUES
– cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function

26. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
– protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions

27. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
– supports and connects organs and tissue

28. MUSCLE TISSUE
– has the ability to contract and move the body

29. NERVOUS TISSUE
– cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

30. ADIPOSE TISSUE
– type of connective tissue that stores fat cells

31. LIGAMENTS
– strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints

32. TENDONS
– white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone

33. CARTILAGE
– firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

34. MEMBRANES
– formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid

35. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
– lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining

36. SEROUS MEMBRANES
– double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities
the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane

37. VISCERAL membrane the part that covers the organs
PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs

38. PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE
– lines the heart cavity and protects the heart

39. PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects
organs

40. Organs and Systems
ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function

41. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

42. SKELETAL SYSTEM

43. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

44. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

45. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

46. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

47. EXCRETORY SYSTEM

48. NERVOUS SYSTEM

49. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

50. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM