1. IAEA Safety Standards and the National Register of Sources
Ibrahim Shadad
Control of Sources Unit
Regulatory Infrastructure and Transport Safety Section
Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety
International Atomic Energy Agency

2. Definitions
Source:
Anything that may cause radiation exposure — such as by emitting ionizing radiation or by releasing radioactive substances or material (IAEA Glossary)
Radiation Generators
radioactive material
radioactive source (sealed sources)

3. Uses of radiation sources
Sources of ionizing radiation are widely used in:
Medicine
Agriculture
Industry
Research and Education
Security checks …

4. Where Sources Can be Found?
Hospitals
For x-ray, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy sources
X-ray private clinics
Factories (steel, cement, liquids, etc.)
Pipelines companies
Mine companies
Research Institutes (Agriculture, veterinary, etc.)
Universities
Refineries
Road Construction companies
School labs
Industrial facilities
Boats construction facilities
……………………..
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5. Sources Control Malicious Acts
Radiation sources are useful if proper control is applied for the protection of workers, patient, public and environment
Inadequate control can lead to:
Accidents or
Malicious Acts

6. What is Sources control?
To establish system of a cradle-to-grave for the control of radiation sources, which requires:
Establishment of National Regulatory Infrastructure for Safety to:
Control Facilities and Activities
Control sources involved (ex. national registry)
To ensure safety of workers, patient, public and environment

7. Legal and Regulatory Infrastructure
Radiation Safety Law
to provide for the legal frame to regulate the use of radiation sources in the country
Establishing
Provided with
Resources,
Funds, Staff
Independent Regulatory Body
established by the Law to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the Law
Empowered
Licensing
Inspection
Enforcement
Regulations

8. IAEA SAFETY FUNCTIONS IAEA SAFETY FUNCTIONS to facilitate and
service international
conventions and
other undertakings
to establish
international safety standards
to provide for
the application of the safety standards

9. Safety Standards as an Element of the Global Safety Regime
Providing for Application of Standards
Establishing
Safety Standards
Conventions &
International
Instruments
Networking
Feedback
Supporting
TC programs
Promoting
E&T
Fostering
Information
Exchange
Rendering Safety Review
Services / Appraising
Compliance
Knowledge Base

10. Legal Status of the IAEA Safety Standards
Safety Standards are not binding on Member States, but may be adopted by them.
However…
Safety Standards are binding
for IAEA’s own activities.
on States in relations to operations assisted by the IAEA.
on States wishing to enter into project agreements IAEA.

11. Safety Standards Hierarchy
underlying principles aimed at politicians and regulatory authorities
Safety Fundamentals
Safety Requirements
specify obligations and responsibilities (“shall”)
Safety Guides
recommendations on meeting requirements (“should”)
IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS

12. Safety Standards relevant to the Regulatory Infrastructure for Radiation Safety

13. GSR Part I – Objective
Establish requirements in the respect of the governmental, legal and regulatory framework for safety
The framework for safety is to be established for entire range of facilities and activities
the safety requirements should
account for circumstances pertaining
to the State and radiation risks

14. 36 requirements are described in four chapters
GSR Part I – Contents
36 requirements are described in four chapters
Introduction: background, objective, scope, structure
Responsibilities and functions of the Government
The global safety regime
Responsibilities and functions of the Regulatory body

15. Under Government Responsibilities
Requirement 2: Establishment of a framework for safety The government shall establish and maintain an appropriate governmental, legal and regulatory framework for safety within which responsibilities are clearly allocated. Requirement 3: Establishment of a regulatory body The government, through the legal system, shall establish and maintain a regulatory body, and shall confer on it the legal authority and provide it with the competence and the resources necessary to fulfil its statutory obligation for the regulatory control of facilities and activities.

16. Under Regulatory Body Functions and Responsibilities
Requirement 35: Safety Related Records
The regulatory body shall make provision for establishing, maintaining and retrieving adequate records relating to the safety of facilities and activities.
The regulatory body shall make provision for establishing and maintaining the following main registers and inventories:
- Registers of sealed radioactive sources and radiation generators;10
- Records of doses from occupational exposure;
- Records relating to the safety of facilities and activities;
- Records that might be necessary for the shutdown and decommissioning (or closure) of facilities;
- Records of events, including non-routine releases of radioactive material to the environment;
- Inventories of radioactive waste and of spent fuel.

17. GSR Part 1
Cont. Of Req. 35:
The authorized party shall maintain all the records necessary for the safe operation of facilities and the safe conduct of activities, as specified in the authorization. This includes maintaining an inventory of radioactive sources and inventories of radioactive waste and of spent fuel, as well as records of doses from occupational exposure.

18. Basic Safety Standards GSR part 3

19. GSR Part 3 (cont.)
2.35 The regulatory body shall make provision for establishing, maintaining and retrieving adequate records relating to facilities and activities. These records shall include:
Registers of sealed sources and radiation generators
Records of doses from occupational exposure;
Records relating to the safety of facilities and activities;
Records that might be necessary for the shutdown and decommissioning or closure of facilities;
Records of events, including non-routine releases of radioactive material to the environment;
Inventories of radioactive waste and of spent fuel.

20. 133 Countries express political support
The Code of Conduct should serve as guidance to States for the development and harmonization of policies, laws and regulations on the safety and security of radioactive sources
1. to achieve and maintain a high level of safety and security of radioactive sources
2. to prevent loss of control
& malicious use
3. to mitigate or minimize the radiological consequences of any accident or malicious act
133 Countries express political support

21. Basic Principles
States should take appropriate measures to ensure that radioactive sources are kept safe and secure throughout their whole life-cycle (recognizing that the prime responsibility is with the authorized user)
This requires:
Effective national legislation, regulations and a regulatory body paragraphs 7–22 of the Code; and
Effective import/export controls paragraphs of the Code + supplementary Guidance

22. Code of Conduct (cont.)
Every state should establish a national register of a radioactive sources which should include as a minimum Category 1 and 2
Information contained in the register should be appropriately protected
RB should establish system for ensuring that radioactive sources are identifiable and traceable
RB should ensures that inventory controls are conducted on a regular basis by persons with authorizations

23. National register of radiation sources includes:
existing radiation sources in the country
imported radiation generators
Imported and exported radioactive sources
disused radioactive sources
collected orphan radioactive sources
radioactive waste and spent fuel

24. National Sources Registry is important
Number and types of sources in the country
Legal and Regulatory framework for safety needed for the country
Risk associated with each facility and activity
Number, types and level of competencies needed
Regulatory resources needed
What appropriate regulatory structure needed

25. National Sources Registry Provides for:
knowing the owner (prime responsibility)
knowing the location of each source or material (protection of public, workers and environment)
Minimising the probability of sources to be vulnerable or orphan (protection of public and environment)
Controlling of sources movements and material quantities
Protection of public, patient, workers and environment
Prevent Accidents
Prevent Malicious act

26. National Sources Registry
Completed, all radiation sources are included
Updated, effective mechanisms for inventory updating should established
Maintained, efficient methods shall be used
(database software,…)
Regulatory Authority Information System (RAIS) (IAEA)

27. Responsibility of keeping the sources registry
Regulatory body
All sources at the national level
Manufacturer and suppliers
Maintain of records relating to their products and shipments
User or owners
Maintain records for radiation sources under their responsibilities
Waste management organisation
Maintain records of sources received, conditioned, stored, disposed, etc.

28. Challenges in National Sources Registry
Grouped:
Country without regulatory infrastructure or just starting developing national sources registry
Country with established regulatory infrastructure

29. Country without regulatory infrastructure or just starting developing national sources registry
Challenges could be:
Identification of users and potential users of radiation sources in the country
Communication with the users (especially if no law to regulate use of radiation sources in the country)
Medical X-ray especially the private sector
Old radioactive sources (legacy sources)
Orphan sources
Maintaining of radiation sources registry

30. Country with established regulatory infrastructure
Maintaining of radiation sources registry
Import and export of radiation sources
Updating the national sources registry
Industrial radiography (NDT)sources in the fields

31. IAEA Assistance 1- Training courses (national or Regional):
“Development of National Register for Radiation Sources Including Regulatory Authority Information System RAIS”
For Countries without regulatory infrastructure or just start developing national sources registry
Objective:
Provide the participants information on how to develop radiation sources registry
Challenges in developing radiation sources registry
Practical sessions on using of RAIS system as a tool to maintain the national radiation sources registry

32. IAEA Assistance Cont. 2- Expert Missions
3- Providing of Regulatory Authority information System (RAIS) Server and training on using it
60 IAEA member states
Helps in generating and maintaining inventory of radiation sources, facilities and activities and all information related to them.
Information management tool related to the regulatory control of radiation sources, facilities and activities
Helps managing daily regulatory activities carried out by Regulatory Bodies (licensing, inspection, review and assessment, enforcement,…)

33. Objectives of the International Workshop
Exchange experiences among Member States in relation to
Establishing radiation source registers
Maintaining radiation source registers
Updating radiation source registers
AND to
Discuss the challenges on these topics

34. Objectives of the International Workshop Cont.
Assist MS in their national efforts in establishing, maintaining and updating a register of radiation sources by enabling them to learn from the experiences of others and to evaluate their own national source register systems;
Enhance the IAEA Secretariat’s understanding of the use of RAIS by States, including the challenges and lessons learned, which will assist the Secretariat in improving RAIS to address States’ needs; and
Encourage more States to use RAIS for their regulatory programmes, including a national register of radiation sources.

35. Expected output
Clear recommendations on what needs to be done to improve radiation source registers worldwide, including the use of sources register systems (ex. RAIS)
May be Expected IAEA Assistance

36. The Workshop Programme
20 min for each presentation
15 mins + 5 mins discussion
Tow Plenary Sessions :
Tuesday 10: :30: Reliability of the National Register of Sources
Wednesday 10:45 – 11:45: Needs for sharing the National Register of Sources
Closing: Chairperson Report (including the recommendations)

37. Thank You
RIT