1. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
David B. MacFarlane P5 Review at SLAC
October 6, 2005

2. The BABAR Collaboration
USA [38/311]
California Institute of Technology
UC, Irvine
UC, Los Angeles
UC, Riverside
UC, San Diego
UC, Santa Barbara
UC, Santa Cruz
U of Cincinnati
U of Colorado
Colorado State
Harvard U
U of Iowa
Iowa State U
LBNL
LLNL
U of Louisville
U of Maryland
U of Massachusetts, Amherst
MIT
U of Mississippi
Mount Holyoke College
SUNY, Albany
U of Notre Dame
Ohio State U
U of Oregon
U of Pennsylvania
Prairie View A&M U
Princeton U
SLAC
U of South Carolina
INFN, Perugia & Univ
INFN, Roma & Univ "La Sapienza"
INFN, Torino & Univ
INFN, Trieste & Univ
The Netherlands [1/4]
NIKHEF, Amsterdam
Norway [1/3]
U of Bergen
Russia [1/13]
Budker Institute, Novosibirsk
Spain [2/3]
IFAE-Barcelona
IFIC-Valencia
United Kingdom [11/75]
U of Birmingham
U of Bristol
Brunel U
U of Edinburgh
U of Liverpool
Imperial College
Queen Mary , U of London
U of London, Royal Holloway
U of Manchester
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
U of Warwick
The BABAR Collaboration
11 Countries
80 Institutions
623 Physicists
Stanford U
U of Tennessee
U of Texas at Austin
U of Texas at Dallas
Vanderbilt
U of Wisconsin
Yale
Canada [4/24]
U of British Columbia
McGill U
U de Montréal
U of Victoria
China [1/5]
Inst. of High Energy Physics, Beijing
France [5/53]
LAPP, Annecy
LAL Orsay
LPNHE des Universités Paris
VI et VII
Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
CEA, DAPNIA, CE-Saclay
Germany [5/24]
Ruhr U Bochum
U Dortmund
Technische U Dresden
U Heidelberg
U Rostock
Italy [12/99]
INFN, Bari
INFN, Ferrara
Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell' INFN
INFN, Genova & Univ
INFN, Milano & Univ
INFN, Napoli & Univ
INFN, Padova & Univ
INFN, Pisa & Univ & Scuola Normale Superiore
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

3. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
BABAR Collaboration
Gathering at SLAC, July 2004
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

4. BABAR Detector e+ (3.1GeV) e- (9GeV) Collaboration founded in 1993
EMC
6580 CsI(Tl) crystals
1.5T solenoid
e+ (3.1GeV)
DIRC (PID)
144 quartz bars
11000 PMs
Drift Chamber
40 layers
e- (9GeV)
Silicon Vertex Tracker
5 layers, double sided strips
Instrumented Flux Return
Iron / Resistive Plate Chambers or Limited Streamer Tubes (muon / neutral hadrons)
Collaboration founded in 1993
Detector commissioned in 1999
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

5. BABAR: 50:50 international partnership
SVT
EMC: Germany-UK-US
DCH: Canada-France-Italy-US
DIRC: France-US
RPCs: Italy-US
LSTs: Italy-US
SVT: Italy-US
DCH
DIRC
EMC
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

6. BABAR Tier A computing centers
RAL
Fast calibration pass at SLAC
Data sent via network to Padova for reconstruction & skimming
Data reconstructed and returned via network to SLAC
Opportunity 1
Karlsruhe
Lyon
Padova/Balogna
SLAC
Opportunity 2
Data skims are uniquely assigned to Tier A Centers
Disk space for corresponding Analysis Working Group located at same Tier A
Operating Common Fund: $2.8 million for CY04
Computing Budget: $4.4 million for CY04
Ongoing shared contributions from all agencies
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

7. Prepared for higher peak luminosity
Background conditions reliably extrapolated based on beam currents & luminosity
EMC
6580 CsI(Tl) crystals
1.5T solenoid
e+ (3.1GeV)
DIRC (PID)
144 quartz bars
11000 PMs
Upgrades
Drift Chamber
40 layers
e- (9GeV)
Silicon Vertex Tracker
5 layers, double sided strips
Instrumented Flux Return
Iron / Resistive Plate Chambers or Limited Streamer Tubes (muon / neutral hadrons)
All other systems fully capable of highest luminosities
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

8. DCH electronics upgrade
Motivation:
Remove anticipated deadtime problem due to serialization and shipping of data from DCH to readout module
Upgrade in two steps:
Phase 1 (summer 2004)
Ship only 1/2 ADC waveform information (3216 bytes) from front ends
No impact on dE/dx performance
Phase 2 (Oct 2005)
Larger FPGA to allow feature extraction before transmission
New boards produced, tested & ready for installation
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

9. IFR upgrade with LSTs Bottom & top sextants installed summer 2004
Remaining sextants delayed until summer 2006
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

10. Impact on physics performance
Now: Barrel RPCs
Now: Barrel LSTs
Installation & schedule requirements based on 2004 experience
Installation of 4 remaining sextants in 4-month down concurrent with PEP-II & LCLS work
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

11. Integrated data sample to date
New milestone
at 300 fb-1 delivered
96% efficiency over the entire history of BABAR
BABAR, Run 5
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

12. A day in the life of a B Factory
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

13. Trickle injection implementation
Bunch #
Time
Trickle injection: charge added to bunch at ~10 Hz
Injected bunch and its neighbors disturbed for about 5ms
Problem
L1 inhibit for injected bunch and its nearby neighbors for 3.85ms
Solution
Bunch #
Time
BABAR Trigger & DAQ very flexible & high performance
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

14. Improved L1 trigger capability
Hardware Level 1 tracking trigger modified to add z information from DCH for background rejection
Physics
Substantial L1 headroom & flexibility
Background
Run 50636, July 31, 2004
Luminosity
Deadtime
L1T rate
HER
LER
Initial conservative global decision tree
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

15. Manpower requirements & projectionsGS
Postdocs
Adopted from HEPAP manpower survey after resolving discrepancies
Less overlap with LHC experiments
Addressing different physics questions
Faculty/Staff
Total
Conclusion
Reasonably good match
See Marcello for international projections
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

16. Pillars of BABAR physics program
Highly constrained and redundant set of precision tests of weak interactions in the Standard Model
Searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in a well understood & characterized environment
Full program of flavor physics/CP violation measurements will provide a legacy of fundamental constraints on future New Physics discoveries
Sensitivity to New Physics at LHC mass scales through rare decays and CP violation
Discovery potential from large data sample across a whole range of beauty, charm, tau, two-photon, ISR physics
Challenging measurements at the edge of sensitivity benefit enormously from operation of both PEP-II & KEK B Factories
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

17. BABAR & Belle physics results
Journal Papers
BABAR
Belle
<2003 32 54
2003 39 28
2004 52 35
June 2005 53
Total
176
149
Conference Contributions
BABAR
Belle
Papers submitted to ICHEP04 72 63
Abstracts submitted to LP05 75 73
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

18. Observation of Y(4260)J/+- in ISR
LP05
232 fb-1
PRL 95, (2005)
Signal 125±23 events; >8σ statistical significance
Mass (4259±8) MeV; just above DSDS threshold
Total width (88±23) MeV
Joins growing list of not understood heavy mass states
BABAR is also a tau, charm, ISR, and gg Factory
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

19. Weak Interaction in Standard Model
+ phases
Unitarity Triangle as a summary of Standard Model b physics
CP violation
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

20. CP violation in B decays
CPV through interference of decay amplitudes
CPV through interference in mixing diagram
Expected to be small
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

21. CP Violation in the B System
CPV through interference between mixing and decay amplitudes
Directly related to CKM angles for single decay amplitude
Asymmetry
For single amplitude
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

22. CPV in charmonium modes
Interference of b ® c tree decay with mixing
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

23. Measuring time-dependent CP asymmetries
Proper time Dt
Exclusive B meson and vertex reconstruction z
Tag vertex reconstruction
Flavor Tagging
produces
coherent B pair:
Tagging performance: Q = 30.5%
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

24. sin2b results from charmonium modes
BABAR
BABAR
Belle update for LP05
Update for ICHEP04
BABAR PUB-04/038
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

25. Evolution of sin2b measurements
Present CKM fit
Present WA
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

26. 3rd component: sizable Penguin diagram
CPV in charmless modes
3rd component: sizable Penguin diagram
Interference of suppressed
b ® u tree decay with mixing
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

27. Recent breakthrough: B  rr decays
Fact 1: penguin pollution much smaller than for B  pp
BABAR PUB-04/048
Moriond EW05
BABAR
BABAR PUB-05/007
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

28. Summary of constraints on a
BABAR only
Mirror solutions disfavored
A good example of new analysis ideas emerging with data in hand
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

29. Remarkably good progress on gamma!
Effect depends on ratio of two diagrams
Suppressed
Interference of color-allowed and color-suppressed tree decays
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

30. Dalitz plot analysis for gamma
Idea: Increase B decay interference through D decay Dalitz plot
Method first shown by Belle
Another example of new analysis ideas emerging with data in hand
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

31. UT from sin2b & indirect constraints
Overconstrained: growing set of independent measurements are consistent with CKM picture
Now: looking for New Physics as correction to CKM
Paradigm change!
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

32. UT from CP violation measurements alone
New B Factory milestone: Comparable UT precision from CPV in B decays alone
Overconstrained: subsets of measurements can be used to test for new physics
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

33. Interference of suppressed b ® s Penguin decay with mixing
CPV in Penguin Modes
Another implication of overconstrained: redundant approaches to same CKM parameter
Interference of suppressed
b ® s Penguin decay with mixing
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

34. Potential New Physics contributions
SUSY contribution with new phases
New physics in loops?
“Internal Penguin”
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

35. Summary after summer 2005 updates
Charmonium
s-Penguins
Summer 05 results
2.4s between CP violation in s-penguin vs sin2b (cc)
No sign of Direct CP
About 0.5s loss vs Winter 2005 due to shift in charmonium average
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

36. Evolution of SfK measurements
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

37. How good is the SM prediction?
2-body:
Beneke, PLB 620 (2005) 143
Calculations within framework of QCD factorization
3-body:
Cheng, Chua & Soni,
hep-ph/
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

38. First measurements of TDCPV in charmonium modes
Factors of two matter!
ICHEP00
First measurements of TDCPV in charmonium modes
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

39. Impact of doubling data samples
First measurement of Spp
LP01
Observation of TDCPV in charmonium modes
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

40. Impact of doubling data samples
First attempt at g via GLW technique
First look at TDCPV in penguin modes
Precision TDCPV in charmonium modes
ICHEP02
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

41. Impact of doubling data samples
First measurement of Vub with B recoil sample
Observation of B to p0p0
Measurement of TDCPV in large number of penguin modes
LP03
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

42. Impact of doubling data samples
Measurement of a in B to rr
Observation of direct CPV
Precision determination of Vcb from moments analysis
ICHEP04
Measurement of g with Dalitz plot technique
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

43. Impact of doubling data samples
Precision determination of Vub from inclusive decays
LP05
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

44. Projections of data sample growth
Double again from 2006 to 2008
ICHEP08
Integrated Luminosity [fb-1]
Double from 2004 to 2006
ICHEP06
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

45. 5s discovery region if non-SM Golden modes reach 5 sigma level
Snapshot I: Summer 2008
Luminosity expectations:
2004=240 fb-1
2008=1.0 ab-1
K*g
f0KS
KSp0
jKS
h’KS
KKKS
5s discovery region if non-SM
physics is 0.30 effect
2004
2008
Golden modes reach 5 sigma level
Projections are statistical errors only;
but systematic errors at few percent level
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

46. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
Global CKM fit: 2008
95% contours
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

47. Present SM uncertainty
Snapshot II: Fall 2010?
Present SM uncertainty
“1 sigma”
NP in Z-Penguins
NP in gluonic-Penguins
SM + various New Physics
NP in chromomagnetic operator
Projected errors
Buchalla, Hiller, Nir, Raz
hep-ph/
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

48. Significant constraint on all New Physics models in LHC era
UT constraints in 2008
95% contours
2008
now
Assumption: no NP in trees [almost any NP model]
Significant constraint on all New Physics models in LHC era
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

49. Bounds on new physics now 2008 Introduce new physics in mixing diagram
Mass scale being probed for unit coupling:
L(now) ~ 5 TeV
L(2008) ~ 10TeV
Model independent
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

50. Physics from future doublings
Significantly improved measurements of inclusive radiative B decays
Integrated Luminosity [fb-1]
Determination of Vtd from B to rg
Discrepancy for penguin asymmetries becomes significant on average
ICHEP06
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

51. Physics from future doublings
Measurement of g to better than 10o
Precision determination of Vub from inclusive & exclusive modes
ICHEP08
Evidence for B to tn
Asymmetry in B to h’K reaches 5 sigma
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

52. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
Why two B Factories?
To date this has been a highly successful strategy
Performance at all levels has been very much enhanced by competitiveness & the ability to learn from each other
Difficult measurements require independent scientific validation; the more important the result the more important the independent validation
Although performing extremely well, delivered data samples are still at the edge for rare decay channels; factor of two from the combination of both experiments will be needed to gain reasonable precision in many cases
Many of CKM measurements and fundamental new physics searches are unique to the B Factories; we need to pursue them to the ultimate achievable precision to capitalize on existing investments
Fully expect these arguments to continue to hold in the future
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

53. Summary: Physics reach of BABAR
Goal for : double current data set
Delay in Run 5 can be overcome by summer 2006 with extended running period, with substantial reduction in errors on CP violation asymmetries in rare decay modes
Error on average of Penguin modes should reach 0.06
Goal for : double again to ~1 ab-1
Individual Penguin modes with errors in range
Suite of fundamental Standard Model measurements with substantially improved levels of precision
Beyond 2008 might offer exciting opportunities if New Physics has been seen by B Factories & LHC
Sensitivity to New Physics through rare decays, CP violation, & large data sample with a significant discovery potential
Full program of flavor physics/CP violation measurements provide fundamental constraints on future New Physics discoveries
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

54. Backup Slides

55. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

56. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

57. + vertex separation = time difference
Recoil B
+ vertex separation = time difference
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

58. Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

59. Evolution of Spp measurements
Gradual convergence of asymmetry measurement
Interpretation difficult due to large penguin amplitudes:
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

60. Analysis of physics performance
Typically better errors for BABAR despite larger Belle dataset
Normalized performance ratio
In many important cases BABAR is getting the equivalent of a factor of 2 in luminosity from analysis/detector performance
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

61. Belle updates at LP05 New measurement for charmonium modes
Evolution of Belle penguin errors
Evolution of Belle central value
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities

62. LSTs sextants are fully operational
Old RPC
sextants
Efficiency curves from Run 5 data
New LST sextants
Oct 6, 2005
Overview of BABAR Physics Goals and Opportunities