1. Urban Geography
Urban Models

2. Two Common Models

3. What do they have in common

4. They both have
CBD
Sectors
Division

5. What is different?
The way the sectors are divided.
WHY?

6. Burgess Model
1925
Studied Chicago

7. Burgess Model

8. Basic Assumption of Burgess
The farther out from the city the higher the level of income but the longer the commute.

9. Six Zones
CBD

10. Six Zones
CBD
Industry (rail, port, cheap labor)

11. Six Zones CBD Industry (rail, port, cheap labor)
First Gen Immigrants, poorest housing

12. Six Zones
Second Gen, can move away from poorest zone, still close to work

13. Six Zones
Second Gen, can move away from poorest zone, still close to work
Higher housing, longer commute

14. Six Zones
Second Gen, can move away from poorest zone, still close to work
Higher housing, longer commute
Higher cost housing, next to rail before cars, can afford to live there.

15. Land Rent Theory and Rent Curve
S = π D2
1/S ΔD
Δ1/S
S = 3.14
S = 75.40
1 km
5 km
10 km
S =
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use. 15

16. Land Rent and Land Use 2 – Overlay 1 – Bid rent curves of bid rent
B- Industry/
commercial
A- Retailing
Distance
City limits
C - Apartments
D - Single houses
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use. 16

17. Why did it work? Before auto amenity era Chicago isotropic plain
Modern compared to Europe.
Mercantile cities
Cities before ind rev so CBD’s were more developed

18. Why did it not work? By the 1950’s it was out of date.
The auto influence not trains and ports dictated models
Ethnic divisions
New transportation corrodors
Not useful in other countries
Istropic

19. Stronger negatives Why study it?
Older parts of some cities grew that way
Parts of other models develop that way

20. Other Models developed
Hoyt Sector Model
Multi Nuclei Model

21. Sector and Nuclei Urban Land Use Models2 3 3 4 1 2 3 3 5 4 3 1 3 3 5 7 3 6 4 2 3 9 8
1 CBD
2 Wholesale and light manufacturing
3 Low-class residential
4 Middle-class residential
5 High-class residential
6 Heavy manufacturing
7 Sub business district
8 Residential suburb
9 Industrial suburb
Copyright © , Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use. 21

22. Hoyt Sector Model 1939 Automobiles more common Cities larger
Less immigration

23. Hoyt Sector Model
Cities had to grow and goods had to get to new factories
Factories grew up on transportation corridors

24. Hoyt Sector Model Size of homes grew, need more land
Bid-rent dictated they must be far away
Can be because of cars

25. Hoyt Sector Model
Local and State governments helped by developing new infrastructure
Roads, light rail, utilities

26. Hoyt Sector Model
Traditional Gov, banks, churches, law offices remained in CBD.
Already established
Land for expansion
Old housing
deindustrialization

27. Hoyt Sector Model People working there have to have homes
Corridors to suburbs
Cheaper land (bid rent)
Cars
Larger homes

28. Hoyt Sector Model Poor people along rail and truck lines
Business along the roads leading in to CBD

29. Hoyt Sector Model Conclusion is a wedge shaped model
Very developed CBD
Rich suburbs
Business on road corridors
Poor rail and delapidated areas

30. Calgary, Canada

31. What do we have? How close is the nearest … Post Office?
Police Station?
Bank?
Grocery?
Restaurant?

32. Is there a real CBD? Is there one really big … Post Office?
Police station?
Bank?
Grocery?
Restaurant?

33. Multi Nuclei Model
Hoyt did not anticipate market forces

34. Multi Nuclei Model Hoyt did not anticipate market forces
Because of market forces (Central Place Theory) many cores grew.

35. Multi Nuclei Model
Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman

36. Multi Nuclei Model Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman
CBD may have been important but as people disperse they want services closer to homes

37. Multi Nuclei Model Example One central Post Office
More branches closer to homes
Multiply by numerous examples, new cores develop

38. Urban Activity
Print off maps of different scale of the activity area of your students.

39. Urban Activity

40. Urban Activity

41. Urban Activity
Have the students map the area high schools.
Why are they there?
Could there be just one?

42. Urban Activity
Have the students map the area police stations.
Why are they there?
Could there be just one?

43. Urban Activity
Have the students map the area Post Offices.
Why are they there?
Could there be just one?

44. Urban Activity
Have the students map the area McDonalds.
Why are they there?
Could there be just one?

45. Urban Activity
Have the students map the area Publix.
Why are they there?
Could there be just one?

46. Urban Activity
Have the students combine all the information using different symbols onto one map.

47. Urban Activity
Have the students analyze the combined information to see what model best fits their area.

48. Urban Activity
Are the activities clustered along roads?
Are housing areas clustered by income?
Are more expensive farther out

49. Latin Model

50. Latin Model NPR story on Latin American Cities (6 parts)
npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=

51. Latin Model Central Plaza, CBD, elite in center Squatters on periphery
Rich center, poorer farther out

52. Latin Model Periphery lacks infrastructure Crime Disease Pollution
Poverty
Lack education

53. Latin Model Growing very fast
Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Rio, etc. among the largest cities in the world.

54. Latin Model Similar in other developing areas India, China, Nigeria
DTM, rural migration
Many children part of culture
Children are a liability

55. Slum Dog
Where do they live?
How do they live?
What lifestyles?

56. Largest cities in the world
Shanghai, China 13.3 million 

Mumbai (Bombay), India 12.6 million
Buenos Aires, Argentina mill

Moscow, Russia 11.3 million 

Karachi, Pakistan 10.9 million 

Delhi, India 10.4 million 

Manila, Philippines 10.3 million 

Sao Paulo, Brazil million 

Seoul, South Korea 10.2 million 

Istanbul, Turkey 9.6 million 

Jakarta, Indonesia 9.0 million 

Mexico City, Mexico 8.7 million 

Lagos, Nigeria 8.68 million 

Lima, Peru 8.38 million 

Tokyo, Japan 8.3 million 

New York City, USA 8.09 million 

Cairo, Egypt 7.6 million 

London, UK 7.59 million 

Teheran, Iran 7.3 million 

Beijing, China 7.2 mill

57. Largest cities in the world
Toyko, Japan 31.2 million 

New York City USA 30.1 million 

Mexico City, Mexico 21.5 million 

Seoul, South Korea million 

Sao Paulo, Brazil 19.9 million 

Jakarta, Indonesia 18.2 million 

Osaka, Japan 17.6 million 

New Delhi, India million 

Mumbai, India (Bombay) million 

Los Angeles, USA 16.7 million 

Cairo, Egypt million 

Calcutta, India 14.3 million 

Manila, Philippines 14.1 million 

Shanghai, China 13.9 million 

Buenos Aires, Argentina 13.2 million 

Moscow, Russian Fed million

58. Edge Cities
suburban business districts, major diversified centers, suburban cores, minicities, suburban activity centers, cities of realms, galactic cities, urban subcenters, pepperoni-pizza cities, superburbia, technoburbs, nucleations, disurbs, service cities, perimeter cities, peripheral centers, urban villages, and suburban downtowns

59. Edge Cities Garreau (Washington Post Reporter) established five rules
5 mil square feet of office space
600,000 sq ft shopping
More jobs than homes
Everything for activity space
Rural 30 years ago

60. Edge Cities Not always a part of the formal region
Functional region all it’s own
Does not necessarily have a government
Service oriented, entertainment, restaurants, etc.

61. Tyson’s Corner

62. Tyson’s Corner

63. What examples of Edge Cities can you come up with?