1. Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks
Lesson 1 – Poets and Heroes
Lesson 2 - The Greek City-States
Lesson 3 – Classical Greece (500BCE-338BCE)
Lesson 4 – Classical Greek Culture
Lesson 5 – Alexander and the Hellenistic Era

2. Macedonians Invade Greece
Macedonia was a kingdom to the north of Greece. The Greeks viewed them as they did most people…as barbarians

3. Macedonians Invade Greece

4. PHILIP II 1. King of Macedonia - great admirer of Greek culture

5. PHILIP II
2. had a powerful army - wanted to unite Macedonia and Greece 3. defeated Greece at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. 4. would use Greece to help in conquer Persia 5. assassinated - his son would take over
Assassinated by the Captain of his bodyguard

6. Macedonia ALEXANDER THE GREAT 20 year old son of Philip II of

7. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
1) Motivated by desire for glory and to avenge when the Persians burned
Athens in 480 BC.
2) 334 BC - Macedonia and Greece had an
army of 37,000 and a cavalry of 5, when they began the assault on the Persian Empire.

8. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Mosaic of Alexander the Great and the Battle of Gaugamela found in Pompeii
Darius III was in such a haste to escape he left his tent, and all his personal belongings, two daughters
Alexander chose not to pursue Darius because he received word that his left flank and friend were in trouble

9. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
3) Won many decisive battles and never lost a single battle. 4) established many cities, many named after Alexander- most famous-greatest city was Alexandria in Egypt

10. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
5) in India, monsoon rains made traveling miserable and the men refused to go on 6) returned home, but Alexander died in 323BCE age of 32
2x MAPS His empire extended as far east as Pakistan

11. Legacy of Alexander
1) brave, inspiring, well-respected general 2) admired the legendary Achilles - he carried a copy of the Iliad with him under his pillow (he also kept a dagger there) 3) extended Greek and Macedonian culture and thought throughout the Persian Empire art, architecture, etc. was spread / blended with Persian

12. HELLENISTIC ERA
Hellenistic means to "imitate Greeks." Greek culture was spread/blended throughout Alexander's conquered lands far into southwest Asia and north Africa. The influence is still there. Hellenistic – to follow or resemble Greek usage
Hellene – a Greek
Hellenistic - Following or resembling Greek usage
Hellenist – person especially in ancient times adopting Greek speech, ideas, or customs

13. HELLENISTIC ERA
These would later be conquered by the Romans and become part of their Empire.

14. HELLENISTIC ERA
Hellenistic kings continued to encourage Greek colonists to move and settle into the new areas. This encouraged the spread of Greek ways and also made it more long lasting.

15. HELLENISTIC ART & LITERATURE
Library in Alexandria – was the largest in the world - many scholars came to study there.

16. HELLENISTIC ART & LITERATURE
Greek architecture: buildings in the Greek style rose up in many new cities and old ones as well

17. HELLENISTIC ART & LITERATURE
Sculpture: 1000's of statues were erected - the Hellenistic style moved to a more realistic form than the Greek's idealistic form. Literature: Hellenistic literature was very popular. Authors were subsidized from public money. Unfortunately, not much of this literature survived Athens remained the center for Greek drama and theater .

18. Advances in HELLENISTIC science, math & technology
Aristarchus: theory: sun- centered universe, with the earth rotating around the sun Prevailing view: earth-centered (geo-centric)

19. Advances in HELLENISTIC science, math & technology
Eratosthenes: the earth is round He also calculated the circumference within miles! - Father of Geography

20. Advances in HELLENISTIC science, math & technology
Euclid: principles of plane geometry

21. Advances in HELLENISTIC science, math & technology
Archimedes: discovered specific gravity by displacing water in his tub…"Eureka! I've found it!"
Archimedes died during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed.

22. Advances in HELLENISTIC science, math & technology
Philosophy
Epicureanism: (Epicurus) said that people should be free to follow their own interests and to make happiness their goal
Stoicism: (Zeno) taught that people could only find happiness by living in the will of god. By knowing this, they could bear whatever life offered. They should make a priority of serving the public
This Hellenistic Era was important in unifying this large area with ideas and values. When the Romans rise up a few years later, it will also make it easier for them to take over.