1. Pg. 612
Supporters of the cause of individual liberty were know as “liberals” in the early 19th century
(Things have changed!)

2. Pg. 613
Liberals believed in equal opportunity, but not equal outcomes
Is equality of outcome even possible?
If so, how could it be achieved?

3. Pg. 615
“Origins of the Revolution”
After the Seven Years War, Britain “announced that they would maintain a large army in North America and tax the colonies directly”

4. Pg. 616
The American Revolution was actually a Civil War
Loyalists vs. Patriots

5. Pg. 616
The French aided the Americans in their war against the British
“The enemy of my enemy is my friend”

6. The American System Divided sovereignty
Government is divided into 3 branches AND 3 levels

7. How democratic is the American system?
The US is a republic, NOT a democracy
Each state gets 2 senators (California vs. Wyoming)
Electoral College
The role of the Supreme Court

8. The French Revolution
“Revolutions devour their young”
The French Revolution set a precedent for revolutions devolving into extremism, dictatorship, and mass murder

9. Pg. 628
The Reign of Terror
Revolutionaries impose a planned economy
40,000 “enemies of the nation” were executed for policital crimes

10. Pg. 629
French Revolutionaries imposed a 10-day week
Also sought to destroy the Catholic Church

11. “Pity is treason.” Maximilien Robespierre
The French Revolution can be seen from a certain perspective as the first Fascist revolution:
Deification of the state as the supreme reflection of “the people”.
State power is used to “reshape” human nature.
Mass extermination of all perceived internal threats to “the people”.
“Pity is treason.” Maximilien Robespierre

12. Robespierre and the French Revolution
“By sealing our work with our blood, we may see at least the bright dawn of universal happiness.”
“We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror.”

13. Robespierre and the French Revolution
“We must exterminate those miserable villains who are eternally conspiring against the rights of man.”
“The people is always worth more than individuals. The people is sublime, but individuals are weak.”

14. Napoleon seizes power in France
“enlightened dictatorship”
The Revolution which sought to destroy kingship ends with an emperor taking power

15. Pg. 645
Haiti becomes just the 2nd independent nation in the Wester Hemisphere
The United States refuses to recognize Haiti
France imposes crippling sanctions on Haiti