1. US Foreign Policy to Central and South America after 1902

2. # 26 Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 R
Secretly blind in one eye
While boxing in the White House with heavyweight John Sullivan, Roosevelt received a blow to his face that left him blind in his left eye.
Called the executive mansion “The White House”
His typical breakfast included giant mugs of coffee and 12 eggs
First president to… ride in an automobile, an airplane, a submarine, travel outside the US while in office, to invite an African American to a White House dinner, and to have Secret Service protection
Wore a ring that contained a lock of Lincoln’s hair
Gave judo demonstrations at official White House functions
“Teddy Bear” named after him

4. Panama Canal
Nov. 1903, U.S. supported a revolt in Panama, wins, declares it the Republic of Panama Nov. 6, 1903.
In return, Panama signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave the U.S. a permanent grant of land to build a canal; Panamanians received $10 million.

5. Discussions about a canal
Motivations: economic, political, military (Navy only)
In 1901 President Roosevelt pushed to buy French canal zone capital for $40 million
Then the revolt
In 1904, US surveys a 50 mile stretch across Panama isthmus

6. Canal talk turned into action
Sea-level canal vs. lock canal
Antagonists: yellow fever & malaria
Dr. William Gorkas fumigates island and
water = almost % success
Lock canal work proceeds

7. Panama Canal Developments
2 steps forward, 1 step back
Chief Engineer Stevens = resigns
Chief Engineer Goethals squashing strike
Culebra Cut = landslides + dynamite explosions = deaths
Opens Aug. 14, 1915, cost >$350 million

8. Panama Canal Bolstered by Madden Dam in 1935
European, East/West Coast America, Carribbean, South America, and the Far East trade routes expand globally
Given back to Panama in 1999, 1 of 7 modern Wonders of the World

9. Foreign Policy “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”
Central point: The U.S. government would intervene to prevent invasion from other powers.
Caused a lot of U.S. interventions in Latin America
To keep an open door trading policy with China he mediated a peace agreement between China, Russia and Japan. This won him a Nobel Peace Prize.

10. Foreign Policy Troubles
Colombia’s sovereignty in central America
Panama revolt helpful for US interests
After the revolt, Colombia backs down, US moves in
Hay-Bunau-Villa
treaty in 1903 gives
US clout with Central
American countries
In 1921, US pays
Colombia $25 million
in remorse for canal

11. Treaty of Reciprocity 1903
Signed by Cuban president, T. Estrada Palma, and US president, Teddy Roosevelt, in February 1903
Ends conflict between the US and Cuba
Establishes footholds, like Guantanamo, for the US military to use
What does this mean?
Cuban maintains sovereignty of most of the island, US granted sovereignty of specific land portions
Enables the US to protect and enforce militarily with the US Navy

12. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1904
“Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power” – Teddy Roosevelt to Congress at the State of the Union Address

13. Trouble with Nicaragua & Honduras
1909 President Taft introduces “Dollar Diplomacy”-turning point
1911 Central American countries were facing economic difficulties
The US was prospering economically
President Taft intervenes into Nicaragua’s situation with military force (US Marines)
Taft historically leaned towards commerce as the means to resolve international issues
1912 United Fruit Company begins operating in Honduras- lends way to greater economic success between countries

14. Questions: What is on the bill of fare, or menu, in this restaurant
Questions: What is on the bill of fare, or menu, in this restaurant? Which president does the waiter resemble? What seems to be Uncle Sam’s attitude toward the offerings on the menu?
Cuba
Steak?
Puerto
Rico
Pig?

15. Making a connnection Reference timeline handout with students
Create living graph using the timeline

16. Trust Busting America factories producing 1/3 of world’s goods
Conflict between workers and factory owners
Hazards
Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
Corruption of businesses, problems with rates etc.
Interstate Commerce Commission, Federal Reserve System, Federal Trade Commission
Ultimate goal= regulation not destruction

17. Conservation a. conserve nature for recreational use
b. created US Forrest Service
c. set aside 194 million acres for national parks and nature preserves

18. Shot in Chest
Oct 14, 1912
Saloonkeeper John Schrank – assassination FAIL
Shot Roosevelt before a speech
The bullet passed through a steel eyeglass case and a 50 page speech he was carrying in his pocket
Roosevelt delivered his speech anyway with blood seeping into his shirt
Started his speech with, “Ladies and gentleman, I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose”
Doctors thought it unsafe to remove the bullet, so it stayed there the rest of his life.

19. Teddy Roosevelt
Problem
Solution … …

20. Distance and time to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific.
Problem
Solution
Building projects and public use had threatened and caused loss to the American landscape.
Distance and time to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific.
European countries demanded Latin American countries pay their debts.
Large industrial combinations threatened to restrict trade in America.
Roosevelt signed into law the National Reclamation Act to irrigate the West. Also sets aside 194 million acres to National Parks preservation
Roosevelt helps Panama gain independence and begin constructing the Panama Canal.
Roosevelt “corollary” to Monroe Doctrine states the US will intervene and act as policing force for Latin American countries.
Roosevelt brings suit against large combinations