1. 10th Euro Studies 1.04.16 Turn in: Take out: Today’s objective:
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Take out:
Planner
Pen/Pencil
Notes
Today’s objective:
I can describe how Napoleon rose to power and the lasting effect he had on France and the balance of power in Europe.
Today’s Agenda:
Napoleon’s Mistakes
The Congress of Vienna
HW:
CRA 20.1
Logout—Due before 7:25am Tuesday

2. Napoleon’s 3 Costly Mistakes

3. 1) The Continental System
ordered a blockade (forced all ports to close) to stop trade between Britain and Europe
goal to isolate Britain
weakened trade, but didn’t destroy it (smuggling)
Britain blockaded all neutral ships
hurt Napoleon’s empire more than his enemies

4. The Continental System
GOAL : to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
Berlin Decrees (1806)
* British ships were not allowed in European ports.
Milan Decree (1807)
* Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent.

5. 1) The Continental System

6. 2) The Peninsular Campaign
Went through Spain to invade Portugal
Spanish rioted, so he deposed (kicked out) the Spanish king and replaced him with his brother, Joseph
Guerillas (Spanish peasant fighters) ambushed Napoleon’s troops, which weakened France
Spanish proved importance of nationalism

7. Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1814
Continental System
1806:
France 
 Spain, Portugal
* Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.
* France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.
* Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!

8. “The Spanish Ulcer” * Charles IV and Prince Ferdinand called to France
* Napleon’s brother, Joseph, becomes new King of Spain
* 100,000+ French troops in Madrid.
* May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion.
* French troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].
Open, Painful wound
"With my banner bearing the words 'Liberty and Emancipation from Superstition, I shall be regarded as the liberator of Spain.“ -Napoleon
"The population of Madrid, led astray, has given itself to revolt and murder. French blood has flowed. It demands vengeance. All those arrested in the uprising, arms in hand, will be shot."

9. “Second of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

10. “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

11. The Surrender of Madrid May, 1809 by Goya
“The Spanish Ulcer”
* Napoleon sends 500,000 troops to Spain
* Spanish fight “Guerilla War”
* British want to weaken France
-Move an army (Wellington) into Portugal to aid the Spanish guerillas.
* 1814 – French troops forced to retreat and leave Spain
The Surrender of Madrid May, 1809 by Goya

12. 3) Invasion of Russia
French ally, Russia, sold grain to Britain (French enemy), so Napoleon invaded
most French troops were drafted, and felt little loyalty
Russians used a scorched-earth policy (burned fields and slaughtered livestock to starve soldiers into surrendering)
Attacks and cold weather nearly wiped out the French army

13. 3) Invasion of Russia

14. NAPOLEON’S FINAL DEFEAT
After attempting to make a comeback (Hundred Days) and re-conquer France, Napoleon’s army was defeated by the British and Prussians at Waterloo (in Belgium, 1815)

15. The Congress of
Vienna

16. Europe in 1812

17. The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

18. Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of Vienna

19. Main Objectives
It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

20. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

21. Key Principles Established at Vienna
Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation
Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

22. Changes Made at Vienna (1)
France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.
Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

23. The Germanic Confederation, 1815

24. Changes Made at Vienna (2)
Norway and Sweden were joined.
The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.
Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.
Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.
Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa.
The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies.
The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise.
The slave trade was condemned (at British urging).
Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

25. Establishment of Congress System: New World Order
Preserving the Agreement
Internally: “Tough” Government
Conservative
Carlsbad Decrees
Externally: Cooperative Action - work together to stop threats
“Concert of Europe”
Congress of Troppau
Holy Allance: Austria, Prussia, Russia
Francis I Frederick William III Alexander I

26. Europe After the Congress of Vienna

27. Europe in 1812

28. Logout Question will be available after school today…
Critically Read 20.1
As you’re reading and taking notes:
Think about your thoughts on the purpose of the “Congress,” how successful it might be, and what will that success depend upon?
Logout Question will be available after school today…