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Slavery and the Old South

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1 Slavery and the Old South
Who is this and why is he significant?

2 Cotton Kingdom Describe who owned slaves, and how many they owned.
75% did not own slaves Typical slave owner had fewer than 10 slaves More corn was planted than cotton, but cotton was the largest crop. (Older upper south grew different crops than the newer South)

3 Expansion of slavery Why did cotton explode?
Technological advances (cotton gin 1793 and others) Land Free labor Demand Global system of trade England buys 22 million lbs in 1787 and 366 million lbs in 1840. 20 yrs prior to civil war, southern economy was larger than north. 1820- largest producer of cotton in the world, from half of us exports 1860- south would have been the wealthiest per capita country in the world

4 Slavery in Latin America
Why did slavery take hold in Jamaica, Barbados, Cuba, etc.? Indigenous people killed What was grown? sugar Cuba largest producer Describe the differences between Latin American slavery and US slavery. - less women - harsher but more fluid with the ability to buy freedom, intermarriage, payment for favors, etc.

5 Demographic Changes in South
How and why did the Old upper south change and what were the consequences of this? Whites Pulled West by fresh land and riches, pushed west by deteriorating conditions. Old Upper South diversified crops and needed less slaves and shipped them south (internal slave trade) 300,000 slaves shipped between VA and the lower south between 1830 and 1860. 1808- Congress ended slave imports but not enforced strongly

6 Southern dependency on slavery
Describe the increasing dependency of the south on slavery 75% of slaves working in agriculture Slaves were used in factories instead of whites Cost of slave went from $600 to $1800 from 1844 to 1860 million slaves million slaves

7 Class structure of the South
Describe the class structure of the South Aristocracy- 3,000 families owned more than 100 slaves Yeoman- 75% owned less than 10 slaves Most whites supported slavery even if they didn’t own slaves Non slave owning south- pig farmers, landowners, farmhands, “crackers”

8 Ideology of Slavery 1830- necessary evil Later refined paternalism based on rigid sense of social hierarchy and obligations. Care for inferiors Biblical- ham Historical- has always existed Legal- in the constitution Pseudoscientific- inferiority Sociological- children who must be governed to avoid chaos How did the justification for slavery change from 1830 to 1860?

9 Life of the master and mistress
Describe the responsibilities and life of the master and mistress Women- social purity, spiritual, submissive, manage household Men- hypermasculinity (hunting, duels, etc) Mary Chestnut- pointed to the hypocrisy of master sexual abuse of slaves

10 Slave life Describe the lives of slaves. 10-18 hour days Slave driver
House slaves/artisans Crude homes and clothes Mortality rate 2x 20% of slaves sick at one time After Turner (1831), tightening up of reins Family structure- solid as could be 1/3 of marriages dissolved by sales Survival- religion (solace and control) Ingenuity and forceful resistance. Describe the lives of slaves.

11 Resistance and Freedom
How did slaves resist? What attempts were made to attain freedom? Songs/stories Breaking tools, burning houses, stealing food, work slowdowns Escape (maroons- communities of escaped slaves) Florida with the Seminoles Underground railroad (Harriet Tubman) Gabriel 1800 in VA Vesey in SC 1822 Both betrayed by slaves More revolts in Latin America due to the male ratio and # of slave, rugged interior, easier escape, more recent Africans Nat Turner VA – 55 whites killed and twice as many black in aftermath

12 Free blacks Describe the lives of free blacks.
12 % of Blacks not slaves number of free blacks doubled because of manumission, increase, escape, passing, purchasing freedom Half lived in south Most free blacks had no rights and privileges, such as voting Urban black churches thrive (AME) Leaders Pennington- rev started several schools , led churces and an abolitionist Charles Ray- attended Wesleyan and worked with the underground railroad

13 Nat Turner’s confession
“And about this time I had a vision- and I saw white spirits and black spirits engaged in battle, and the sun was darkened-the thunder rolled in the heavens, and blood flowed in streams-and I heard a voice saying, "Such is your luck, such you are called to see; and let it come rough or smooth, you must surely bear it."

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