1. CH. 11 Periodic Table

2. First Elements known to man were Gold and Silver (Coins) and Copper, Tin, Iron (Tools and Weapons)

3. Dmitri Mendeleev Born: February 8, 1834
Where: Tobolsk, Siberia, Russia
1869 published first version of periodic table (atomic mass)

6. From Theory to Reality
1860’s, Mendeleev began looking at patterns among the properties of elements
Created cards with the properties of elements

7. These cards included the density, appearance, atomic mass, melting point and information about the compounds formed by the elements
He played “chemical solitaire” with them on his long train rides and would arrange and re-arrange them

12. He determined there was a repeating pattern of properties when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass
He determined the properties were periodic, “happening at regular intervals”

13. Few Elements were missing, but he was able to predict their properties
By 1886, all of the gaps of the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table had been filled

14. Gallium-31 (Ga) , Scandium-21 (Sc), and Germanium-32 (Ge), were discovered
A few Element’s properties did not fit the pattern in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. (Problem)

15. Henry Moseley Born: Nov. 23, 1887 Where: Weymouth, England
Died: Aug. 10, 1915
(28 Years Old)
(Killed in WWI)

18. In 1914, Moseley solved the mystery
He was able to determine the number of protons in an atom. (atomic number)
He rearranged the elements based on their atomic number rather than atomic mass

19. When arranged by atomic number, the elements fell into the proper place
It was clear how many Elements still were undiscovered
Helped find the Elements Technetium-43 (Tc), Promethium-61 (Pm), and Rhenium-75 (Re)

20. Periodic Law  states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of Elements change periodically with the Elements Atomic Number

21. How to Read Periodic Table
Elements are classified according to their properties:
-metal (92)
-nonmetal (20)
-metalloids (6)
The # of electrons in the outer energy level helps determine which category an element belongs.

22. Here’s Your Sign!!!! -Atomic Mass -Name -Chemical symbol
What does each Element Symbol mean?
-Atomic Number
-Atomic Mass
-Name
-Chemical symbol

24. Who gets to be cool and name the elements?
An International Committee of Scientists (Nobel Prize Winners)
Some are named after important scientists. (ex. Mendelevium)
Some are named for geographical regions. (ex. Californium)

25. What are the letters for???
The symbol usually consists of 1 or 2 letters.
First letter is always capitalized
Second letter, if present, is always lower-case.

26. Some symbols come from the Latin meaning of the word
Examples:
Lead (Plumbum)= Pb
Sodium (Antrim)= Na
Gold (Aurum)= Au
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) = Hg

27. -- Antimony (Stibium) = Sb -- Copper (Cuprum) = Cu -- Iron (Ferrum) = Fe -- Potassium (Kalium) = K -- Silver (Argentum) = Ag -- Tin (Stannum) = Sn

28. Today’s Periodic Table
Period – row of Elements in the Periodic Table whose particles change gradually and predictably.
Labeled 1-7

29. Horizontal (left to right)
Rows or Periods
Horizontal (left to right)

30. Group – contains Elements that have similar physical or chemical properties.
18 Columns

31. Vertical (top to bottom)
Columns or Groups
Vertical (top to bottom)

33. Zones of Periodic Table
1) Representative Element Elements in Groups 1 and 2, and 13 through 18 in the periodic table that includes metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

34. 2) Transition Elements  Elements in Groups 3 through 12 in the periodic table, all of which are metals.

39. Metals  Element that has:
Luster – ability to reflect light
Malleable – ability to be pressed or pounded into thin sheets
Ductile – ability to be made into wire

40. Good Conductor of Heat and Electricity
All solids except Mercury
High melting points

42. Gas or Brittle Solid at room temperature
Non-Metals Element that is:
Gas or Brittle Solid at room temperature
Poor Conductor of Heat and Electricity
No Luster

43. Not Malleable
Not Ductile
Bromine- is the only Non-Metal that is a liquid

45. Metalloids Element that shares some properties with both Metals and Nonmetals
Semiconductor Element that does not conduct electricity as well as a metal but conducts it better than a nonmetal.

46. b. Are poor conductors of electricity at low temperatures
b. Are poor conductors of electricity at low temperatures. If you increase its temperature, it becomes a good conductor.
 Electrical Devices

47. Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te)

48. Representative Elements
Group 1: Alkali Metals
--Shiny Solids
--Low Densities
--Low Melting Points
--Most Chemically Active Group
(Most Important)

49. --Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
*As move from top to bottom Elements increase in reactivity or tendency to combine with other substances.

51. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
--Dense and Hard
--Higher Melting Point
--Chemically Active (less reactive than Group 1)

53. Transition Elements --All are Metals, Groups 3 - 12
Iron Triad —three elements (Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel) have magnetic properties.

54. Inner Transition Elements
1) Lanthanides
2) Actinides

55. Lanthanides Not Radioactive
Soft Metals that can be cut with a butter knife
Shiny and Reactive

56. Actinides Radioactive and Unstable
Majority are Synthetic Elements (Made in Laboratory)

60. Group 13 = Boron Group
Group 14 = Carbon Group
Group 15 = Nitrogen Group
Group 16 = Oxygen Group

61. Group 17: Halogen Group --Combine with metals to form salts
--NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

63. Group 18: Noble Gases
--Do not react chemically with other Elements. They are Inert (inactive).

66. Reactivity of Elements
Metals: (Left Side of Periodic Table)
1. If Elements are in same Period then the most reactive is the Element closer to Group 1.
2. If Elements are in same Group then the Element with highest Atomic Number is the most reactive because of higher numbers of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

68. Reactivity of Elements
Which Element is the most Reactive?
-- K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V = __________
-- Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs = __________

70. Reactivity of Elements
Non-Metals: (Right Side of Periodic Table)
1. If Elements are in same Period then the most reactive is the Element closer to Group 17. Group 18 is never Reactive.
2. If Elements are in same Group then the Element with highest Atomic Number is the most reactive because of higher number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

72. Reactivity of Elements
Which Element is the most Reactive?
-- C, N, O, F = __________
-- F, Cl, Br, I = __________

74. Hydrogen Group
The properties of Hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group, but they do share the property of one Valance Electron just like Elements in Group 1
Are classified as a Non-Metal because it shares more properties with Non-Metals than Metals