1. Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
The Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

2. A lot of the energy produced during respiration is used for cell movement
movement of cells from one location in an embryo to another during embryonic development
movement of cells into a wound during wound healing
contraction of a muscle cells
separation of a cell into two daughter cells during cell division
movement of substances during active transport
movement of chromosomes during mitosis

3. Cells also use energy to make copies of themselves in the CELL CYCLE

4. How Cells Work (16 min)

5. Length of Cell Cycle (liver cell)
1 hour

6. Stage 1: Interphase Step1of the cell cycle
Longest part of the cell’s cycle
a. Cell grows and develops
b. DNA is replicated (along with organelles and other cellular components)
c. Cell prepares for division
Textbook pages 66 &67
Page 3&4 of your booklet

7. Cell Cycle: Stage 1 Interphase (4.5 min)

8. Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

9. Stage 2:Mitosis Step 2 of the cell cycle Prophase-
chromatin condenses into chromosomes (chromosomes are visible)
each chromosome consists of sister chromatids held together by a centromere
Nuclear membrane disappears
Nucleolos disappears
Pages 5&6 of your booklet

10. Prophase (3.5 min)

11. Stage 2:Mitosis Metaphase-
Step 3 of the cell cycle
Metaphase-
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to the center of each chromosome
Page 7&8 of your booklet

12. Metaphase (30 sec)

13. Stage 2: Mitosis Step 4 of the cell cycle Anaphase- Chromosomes split
Each half is pulled to opposite ends of the cell
Pages 9&10 of your booklet

14. Anaphase (30 sec)

15. Stage 2: Mitosis Step 5 of the cell cycle Telophase-
Chromatids cluster in the center of each new cell
new nuclear membranes form around the chromatids
Cell begins to separate
Pages 11&12 of your booklet

16. Telophase (1.5 min)

17. Stage 3: Cytokinesis Step 6 of the cell cycle
- The cytoplasm divides
Two new daughter cells are formed and the cycle begins again
Pages 13&14 of your booklet
In a plant cell-
a new cell membrane forms first, then a new cell wall
forms vesicles
In an animal cell-
the cell membrane pinches in (furrowing)

18. Length of Cell Cycle (liver cell)
1 hour

19. Video on cell division, mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis Link
The only human cell that does not go through cell division is the
Brain Cell

20. DNA Replication and Cancer
DNA= Deoxyribonucleic acid

21. DNA Replication Occurs during interphase.
This ensures each new daughter cell will have the genetic information it needs to carry out its activities
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA

22. Structure of DNA DNA looks like a “twisted ladder”
It is a double helix
The sides of the ladder are sugars (deoxyribose)and phosphates
The rungs of the ladder are pairs of nitrogen bases

23. Nitrogen Bases There are four different types of nitrogen bases
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine and Thymine pair together
Guanine and Cytosine pair together

24. DNA replication

25. What do DNA mutations look like?
A typical Westlake teenager after a DNA Mutation!!!!

26. DNA REPLICATION (4 min)

27. Cancer- What is it?
A disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably
This can damage the parts of the body around them
There are about 200 different forms of cancer
Skin Cancer is the #1 type of cancer diagnosed in the US (2,000,000 new cases)
2015 – Lung Cancer is the #1 cause of death in the US (160,000 new cases)

28. What Causes Cancer?
When something damages a portion of the DNA in a chromosome
This damage causes a change in the DNA called a mutation

29. What Causes Cancer? (Continued)
This mutation causes cells to grow and divide at an abnormal rate
This leads to a mass of cancerous cells, called a tumor
Some of these cancerous cells can break off from the tumor, enter the bloodstream, and spread to other parts of the body
This is called metastasis
A mutation disrupts the cell cycle causing the cell to function abnormally.
Exposure to some Chemicals and radiation are some common causes of mutations that lead to cancer

30. How is Cancer Treated? Surgery- remove the tumor
Radiation- killing the cancerous cells using radioactivity (gamma rays). Helps to shrink the tumor
Chemotherapy- killing the cancerous cells using drugs
Some causes of cancer…smoking, unhealthy diet, tanning beds, air pollution, UV radiation, genetics
Can cancer be prevented? Yes!!
Don’t smoke
Eat a low fat, healthy diet leafy green veggies.
(fructose has been linked to aiding in cancer cell growth)
- sunscreen

31. Repair genes (2min)

32. Mutated Suppresser Gene P53 (7:30)

33. Cancer Video (7 min)

34. Skin Cancer and New Treatments Video (7min)