1. Common types of publications
Journal articles
Authored books
Chapters in edited books

2. Parsing the “grammar” of references
Each reference is a paragraph.
Each reference has four “sentences”:
Author
Publication date
Title
Publisher information

3. Find the 4 “sentences”
Kozulin, A. (1990). Vygotsky's psychology: A biography of ideas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Author
Publication date
Title
Publisher information

4. What kind of a reference is this?
Gillen, J. (2000). Versions of Vygotsky. British Journal of Educational Studies, 48(2),
How did you know?

5. What kind of a reference is this?
Kozulin, A. (1990). Vygotsky's psychology: A biography of ideas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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6. What kind of a reference is this?
Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
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7. Let’s try some examples
Look through the sample reference list handout.
Identify examples of several different types of references.
Identify the “sentences” within each type of reference.
Identify a pattern for what must go within each sentence for each type of reference.

8. How to use your APA manual
Chapter 6:
In-text citations (pp )
Information about reference list (pp ) READ THIS!
Chapter 7: Reference examples
Periodicals, including journal articles (pp )
Books & book chapters (pp )
See examples #1-3, 18, 25 for most common formats.
Not sure? Check blog.apastyle.org

9. Let’s look some things up
Find an example from chapter 7 that gives you the answer to these questions:
Journal article. Two authors. Is there a comma separating their names?
Book chapter. Two book editors. Is there a comma between the editors’ names?
When do you use (Ed.) and when do you use (ed.)?
An author has two initials. Is there a space between them?
Where do the initials of a book editor go? Before or after the editor’s last name?