1. Muscular System

2. Three Types of Muscle
______________

3. Skeletal Muscle
Attaches to skeleton via _________, contracts to move _________
___________
___________ appearance

4. Smooth Muscle
Found on the walls of ________ ________ and ________ (stomach, blood vessels)
______________
_________ appearance

5. Cardiac Muscle Forms the walls of the __________ _____________
____________ appearance

6. Tendons Attach muscle to bone Defined as ________ or _________
When describing attachment sites, it’s common to state the origin and insertion of the muscle

7. Origin vs. Insertion
Origin- usually attached to the ________ bone of a joint, typically not as ________
Insertion- usually attached to the more _________ bone and typically more _________

8. Origin vs. Insertion – Biceps Brachii
Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Short Head: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Posterior border of the bicipital tuberosity

9. Muscle Contraction Muscles pull on bones to create ______________
Contraction: Origin and insertion move __________ ___________
Stretched: Origin and insertion move _________ from each other

10. Muscle Contraction
Prime Mover: Muscle that creates a ________ __________(aka _________)
Antagonist: _________ muscle group
Examples of agonist antagonist pairs?

11. Muscle Fiber Types
Divided into two categories based on how quickly they contract
________ Twitch

12. Slow-Twitch Relatively large amounts of ___________
Mitochondria: where __________ metabolism occurs
More __________ than fast-twitch fibers
Capillaries: Smallest ________ vessel that supplies blood to tissues, site of all gas and nutrient exchanges within __________________ system

13. Slow-Twitch Contract more slowly than _______ twitch
Lower ________ outputs, but more _________ and _________ resistant than fast twitch fibers

14. Fast-Twitch
Subdivided into fast-glycolytic and fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers
Type IIX- __________ _____________
Type IIA- _____ - _______ __________

15. Fast-Twitch-IIX ________ amount of mitochondria
_________ _________ for aerobic metabolism
________ more easily than slow twitch

16. Fast-Twitch-IIX Vast amount of __________ capacity
Largest and _________ fibers
Produce the ________ _______of all skeletal muscle fibers

17. Fast-Twitch-IIA
Possess speed, fatigue and force production capabilities somewhere ___________ Type 1 and Type IIX
Also called __________ fibers

18. Muscle Fiber Composition
Type 1
Type IIa
Type IIx
Speed of contraction
Low
Medium
High
Force Capacity
Fatigue Resistance
Mitochondrial Content
Size
Efficiency
Aerobic Capacity
Anaerobic Capacity

19. Muscle Fiber Composition
Typically an equal mixture of fast and slow twitch fibers
Influenced by _________, _________, __________ _________
_____ play a role in sports performance
Power athletes high percentage of ______ twitch, endurance _____ twitch

20. Muscle Fiber Anatomy
Fascia- Thin sheets of __________ tissue membranes – hold ________ fibers in place
___________

21. outermost layer of connective tissue
_____________ bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue
_____________ Connective Tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers
____________
outermost layer of connective tissue

22. Muscle Fiber Anatomy
Muscle fibers are made up of myofibrils (protein filaments) composed of a series of repeating segments called _____________

23. Muscle Fiber Anatomy
Sarcomeres- made up of ____________ (protein filaments) - functional contracting unit of skeletal muscle – section between 2 _____________
Myosin-_______ dark bands called _____bands
Actin- _____ light bands called ____bands

24. Enlargement of a Sarcomere
__________
________
Thick Myofilament
_______
Thin Myofilament

25. Muscle Contraction- Key Terms
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)– High energy _________ molecule used in muscular ___________
______________- A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across synapses
Synapse – region of ______________ between neurons

26. Muscle Contraction- Key Terms
Acetylcholine- most common _____________ in the body – located in the Central and Peripheral Nervous system
__________- used to expose binding sites on actin filaments
Troponin- ___________ muscle contraction from occurring when a muscle is at rest

27. Sliding Filament Model
Explanation of how muscles produce ________ and ___________
Myosin and actin filaments _____ past each other shortening the entire ________ of the sarcomere – draw Z-Lines closer together

28. Sliding Filament Model
When _____________ is released from the Central Nervous System and detected, ____________ is released.
Calcium exposes __________ sites along the ________ for the __________ to attach.
If sufficient ATP is present, cross-bridges are formed and the _______ pulls the ________ toward the center, thereby shortening the sarcomere.

29. Sliding Filament Model

30. Examples of Sliding Filament Model