1. A Facility Location Problem with Respect to Trip Chaining Behaviors
Graduate School of System Design
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Yudai HONMA
EWGLA XVII 19 September, 2008

2. Trip Chaining Behavior
Ordinary
Stopping by a shop on the way home
Visiting several shops
Home
Shop
Trip chaining behavior
Co.
Shop
Home
Home-based trip chain
Home
Shop

3. What would be happened? Opening new commercial facility
Features of trip chaining behavior
Visiting multiple facilities
Movements from a facility to another facility
If people visit only 1 shop
competing effect would be happened → New shop should be located separately from other shops.
If people visit multiple shops
accumulation effect would be happened → New shop should be located near existing shops
Opening new commercial facility

4. Purpose
To clarify how trip chaining behaviors affect the location of facilities
Focusing on commercial facilities
Formulate trip chaining behavior
Based on multinomial logit model (extension of Huff model)
Optimal location in various situations
Which maximize the visitor of new facility
When incorporate 2 types of facilities
e.g.) Theaters + Restaurants

5. Formulation of Trip Chaining Behavior
Situation
People in each demand point visit several facilities in a row (carry out trip chaining behavior)
Definition of trip chain
indicates starting demand points
indicates visiting facilities
Start from and visit in the order which minimize total travel cost
is the number of visiting facilities
facility points
demand points

6. All alternative set (probable trip chain)
Formulation
Focus on an individual in demand point
If the individual carries out trip chaining behavior → choose the set of visiting facilities
Utility
Probability
All alternative set (probable trip chain)

7. When all , equivalent to Huff model
Probability
Utility depends on
Attractiveness of visiting facilities
Total travel cost
Psychological burden of visitation
When all , equivalent to Huff model

8. Number of Visitors in Each Facility
The number of visitors in each facility is
Calculate the optimal locations which maximize the visitor of facilities

9. One Facility Location Problem
Model
Square Region
4 existing shops
Demand points is distributed uniformly
Trip chaining behavior
Problem to solve
The optimal location for new shop (No.5) to maximize the number of visitors

10. All People Visits One Facility
Alternative set
{[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]}
People are permitted to visit only one shop (equivalent to Huff model)
Optimal location
Should be located apart from other 4 shops
Competing effect
100%
The number of visitors for new shop

11. All People Visit Two Facility
Alternative set
{[1,2], [1,3], [1,4], [1,5], [2,3], [2,4], [2,5], [3,4], [3,5], [4,5]}
All people visit two shops
Optimal location
Should be located at same point with other shops
Be able to expect consecutive visitation
Accumulation effect
100%
The number of visitors for new shop

12. All People Visit Three Facility
Alternative set
{[1,2,3], [1,2,4], [1,2,5], [1,3,4], [1,3,5], [1,4,5], [2,3,4], [2,3,5], [2,4,5], [3,4,5]}
All people visit three shops
Optimal location
Should be located near the existing shops
Should be approached multiple shops
Accumulation effect
100%
The number of visitors for new shop

13. Alternative Set are Mixed
{[1],･･･, [5], [1,2],･･･, [4,5], [1,2,3],･･･, [3,4,5]}
Assumption (review)
People carry out the trip chaining behavior which maximizes their utility
Utility depends on the psychological burden of visitation
100%
is high
is low
Tend to visit one shop
Tend to visit multiple shops

14. Incorporate 2 Types of Facilities
Model
3 existing shops of Type A e.g.) Theaters,
4 existing shops of Type B e.g.) Restaurants,
dem. → Type A → Type B → dem.
Problem to solve
Optimal location for new Type A shop (No.8) and Type B shop (No.9) to maximize the total number of visitors

15. New Shops are not Attractive
Attractiveness of new shop
Both shop = 1
Alternative set
{1, 2, 3, 8}×{4, 5, 6, 7, 9}
Optimal location
New Type A shop ★ is located at large existing Type B Shop.
New Type B shop ★ is located at large existing Type A Shop.
Both of new shops should be parasitic on existing large shops.
Type A
Type B

16. As Same as Other Shops Attractiveness of new shop Optimal location
Both shop = 2
Optimal location
New shops are both located at same point ★.
They can expect the people who consecutively visit both of new shops.
Optimal location is near the existing large shops.

17. More Attractive Case Attractiveness of new shop Optimal location
Both shop = 10
Optimal location
New shops are both located at same point ★.
They can expect the visitors who consecutively visit both of new shops.
Optimal location is nearer to the center than previous case.
Do not have to depends on other shops.

18. Conclusion Analyzed the optimal location for commercial facilities
Incorporated the trip chaining behavior
Strategy of owner depends on the length of trip chain
Visit one shop → apart from other shops
Visit multiple shops → approached to other shops
Incorporated 2 types of facilities
Less attractive → parasitic on other shops
enough attractive → open 2 shops at same point