1. Chapter 11: The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Section 3: Exploring Earth’s Moon

2. A. Missions to the Moon

3. 1. Early exploration
a. The first Luna spacecraft, launched by the Soviet Union in 1959, enabled close study of the Moon.

4. b. The Ranger spacecraft and the Lunar Orbiters of the U. S
b. The Ranger spacecraft and the Lunar Orbiters of the U.S took detailed photographs of the Moon in the 1960s.
Ranger
Lunar Orbiter

6. c. Five Surveyor U.S. spacecrafts landed on the Moon.

7. d. Astronauts of Apollo 11 landed on the Moon in 1969.
Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin

9. Neil Armstrong made this famous quote after stepping onto the moon:
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

10. Buzz Aldrin made this statement: “In this one moment, the world came together in peace for all mankind.”

11. 2. The Clementine spacecraft was placed in lunar orbit in 1994
to survey the moon’s
surface.
Collected data on the mineral content of Moon rocks.

12. b. Mapped features of the Moon’s surface
c. Impact basins, or craters, are depressions left by objects striking the Moon.

13. d. Identified South Pole-Aitken Basin, the largest and deepest impact crater in solar system.

14. B. Mapping the Moon
Data from Clementine yielded a map of the Moon showing
its composition.

15. a. The Moon’s crust is thinnest under its impact basins.
The crust on the side of the Moon facing Earth is thinner
than on the far side.

16. 2. The Lunar Prospector was launched in 1998 to look for clues about the Moon’s origin and makeup.

17. a. Small, iron-rich
core of the Moon
supports the
impact theory of
the Moon’s origin.

18. b. Findings confirmed that ice was present in deep craters at poles.