1. The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650)
Lesson 3 The Protestant Reformation

2. The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650)
Lesson 3 The Protestant Reformation
Learning Objectives
Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation.
Explain the impact of the printing press on the Reformation.
Analyze Martin Luther's role in shaping the Protestant Reformation.
Explain the teachings and impact of John Calvin.

3. The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650)
Lesson 3 The Protestant Reformation
Key Terms
indulgence
Martin Luther
Wittenberg,
Charles V
diet
John Calvin
predestination
Geneva
theocracy

4. Causes of the Reformation
During the Renaissance, Christians from all levels of society grew impatient with the corruption of the clergy and the worldliness of the Roman Catholic Church. In the words of one unhappy peasant, “Instead of saving the souls of the dead and sending them to Heaven, [the clergy] gorge themselves at banquets after funerals They are wicked wolves! They would like to devour us all, dead or alive.”

5. Causes of the Reformation
Abuses Within the Church- Living in Luxury, fighting with kings, extending their power, meddling in political affairs
Pope Leo X?
Sale of Indulgence?
Early Reformers- John Wycliffe- 1300’s, one of the first to call for reform
John Hus, Czech priest, followed Wycliffe’s lead- burned for heresy

6. Causes of the Reformation
During the 1500s, European villages were busy places, with markets, artisan shops, and homes. The church was the center of village life.

7. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
Protests against the Church continued to grow. In 1517, these protests erupted into a full scale revolt. The man who triggered the revolt was a German monk and professor of theology named Martin Luther.

8. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
Martin Luther- German Monk. Storm?
95 Theses Challenge the Church- Luther enraged by sale of indulgences
Posted his 95 reasons against SOI and posted it on door of Wittenberg church
A Firestorm Begins- Copies distributed across Europe
Many agreed with Luther
He was excommunicated and refused to give up beliefs, even when confronted by Charles V at the diet in Worms

9. Luther’s Teachings- 1
1. salvation through faith alone
2. Bible sole source of religious truth
3. rejected special powers of priest and Church hieracrchy
Also rejected 5 of 7 sacraments, permitted clergy to marry, banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages, and prayers to saints
Starting to understand why church didn’t like him

10. Luther’s Reforms Gain Support- ideas spread, printing press
The Peasants’ Revolt- peasants seeking further change, revolted in German lands, put down- 100,000 killed?
The Peace of Augsburg- Charles V agreed to peace, let German nobles pick Catholic or Protestant

11. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg. The theses also contained an invitation to church leaders to debate Luther on the issues raised by his theses. The invitation was ignored.

12. John Calvin Challenges the Church
In the wake of Luther’s revolt against the Church, other reformers challenged Church authority. The most important was John Calvin, who lived in what is today Switzerland. Calvin had a razor-sharp mind, and his ideas had a profound effect on the direction of the Protestant Reformation.

13. John Calvin Challenges the Church
Calvin's Teachings-
1. Advice on how to run Protestant Church
2. Predestination-
3. Saints and Sinners
Calvin's Geneva- Geneva asked Calvin to lead their community
Theocracy-
Calvinist Ideas Spread- many visited Geneva and returned home spreading Calvinist ideas

14. John Calvin Challenges the Church
Analyze Charts Who served as head of the Lutheran Church? Why was this an important difference from the organization of the Catholic Church?

15. John Calvin Challenges the Church
The Calvinist belief in simplicity is reflected in the design of this Calvinist church in Nuremberg, Germany. No images of saints or religious leaders decorate the church, and the preacher's pulpit is the center of focus.

16. Quiz: Causes of the Reformation
Christian humanists contributed to the reformation because they
A. supported a powerful Roman Catholic Church that exerted influence in secular matters.
B. suggested that religion should be tailored to meet the needs of the people.
C. urged people to return to the values and practices of the early Christian church.
D. taught that the Bible should be interpreted by well-educated scholars who would then teach others.

17. Quiz: Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
The Protestant Reformation swept through Northern Europe when Martin Luther, angered over the abuses within the Church, called for
A. the pope to establish a committee to end the abuses of the Catholic Church.
B. a rejection of the pope's authority, an end to church practices such as indulgences, and that ordinary people be able to read and study the Bible.
C. the peasants to revolt against the church and government, and that all Christians have equal and direct access to God.
D. the pope to ensure that all Christians have equal and direct access to God and that the clergy be allowed to marry.

18. Quiz: John Calvin Challenges the Church
Visiting Protestants saw John Calvin's theocracy in Geneva as a model community. They brought back his Calvinist ideas, which
A. inspired many Lutherans in Germany to incorporate his ideas and unite against the Catholic Church.
B. were fiercely rejected by French Lutherans, who waged a bloody war with French Calvinists.
C. gained a widespread and peaceful acceptance, particularly in Germany, France, and Scotland.
D. gained many followers, which sometimes resulted in bloody conflicts in places such as Germany and France.