Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
ORIGIN OF LIFE
3
According to the Boshongo people of central Africa, in the beginning, there was only darkness, water, and the great god Bumba. One day Bumba, in pain from a stomach ache, vomited up the sun. The sun dried up some of the water, leaving land. Still in pain, Bumba vomited up the moon, the stars, and then some animals. The leopard, the crocodile, the turtle, and finally, man.
4
7 Characteristics of Life
Cellular organization Ordered Complexity Sensitivity (respond to stimuli) Growth, development & reproduction Energy utilization Homeostasis Evolutionary Adaptation
5
Origin of the Universe BIG BANG 13.8 BYA ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
ALL MATTER & ENERGY SUPERCONDENSED & THEN A CATACLISMIC EXPLOSION
6
BIG BANG 1st. Hydrogen formed 2nd. Helium formed
7
Today the Universe 98% Hydrogen 7.1 % Helium 0.1% Other elements
8
FORMATION OF THE GALAXIES
Gravity
9
Galaxy Formation
10
Formation of the Solar System
4.6 Billion Years Ago
11
Formation of Core, Mantle, Crust & Atmosphere
12
Formation of Seas, Lakes, & Rivers Continents Formed
13
The Oldest Rocks 4.4 BYA
14
The First Fossils so far……
“Blue-green bacteria” in stromatolites 3.5 Billion Years Ago
15
Evidence Of Even Older Fossils Chemical Fossils in Greenland
Chemical Fossils dated 3.8 BYA
16
Even earlier claims for life have just been made (Oct
Even earlier claims for life have just been made (Oct. 19, 2015) for zircons with organic traces at 4.1 BYA in Western Australian’s Jack Hills
17
EARTH IS UNIQUELY SUITED FOR LIFE
Right distance from the sun— the temperature is right Not too hot H20 -- Steam Not too cold H20 -- Ice Just right H20 -- Liquid
18
EARTH IS UNIQUELY SUITED FOR LIFE
Right Size & Density so the gravity is right Not too small Atmosphere Not too large Atmosphere Just right Atmosphere with sunlight penetration In the “Goldilocks Zone”
19
FORMATION OF LIFE Hypotheses on the origin: 1) Divine Creation
20
FORMATION OF LIFE Hypotheses on the origin:
2) Spore “Theory” (Panspermia)
21
FORMATION OF LIFE Hypotheses on the origin:
2) Spore “Theory” (Panspermia) cont.’ Directed Panspermia “Aliens”
22
FORMATION OF LIFE Hypotheses on the origin: 3) Originated on Earth
a) Spontaneous Generation Spallanzani’s Experiment
23
FORMATION OF LIFE Hypotheses on the origin: 3) Originated on Earth
a) Spontaneous Generation Pasteur’s Experiment
24
FORMATION OF LIFE Hypotheses on the origin: 3) Originated on Earth
b) Primary abiogenesis “Life came from inorganic chemicals” Oparin & Haldane
25
FORMATION OF LIFE: Primary Abiogenesis
Chemical Evolution Biological Evolution 1) Inorganic chemicals 2) Organic chemicals 3) Interacting Chem. Sys. (reactions) 4) Reproducing molecules 5) Cells 6) Multicellular organisms
26
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Miller & Urey’s Experiments 1953 & 1959 Note gasses: H2O NH3 CH4 H2
27
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Miller & Urey’s Experiments 1953 & 1959 Produced Several organic molecules including amino acids Many other gas mixtures produce similar products
28
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Miller & Urey’s Experiments 1953 & 1959 "Organic Soup"
29
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Simple organic molecules have been detected in space. 130+ molecules detected including: Acetylene C2H2 Ammonia NH3 Formaldehyde H2CO Methane CH4 Anthracene C14H20 Pyrene C16H10
30
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Meteorites have simple organic molecules Conclusion: It is easy to produce organic molecules from Inorganic molecules. Hypothesis is supported.
31
Mars Rover found 3-, 4- and 6-carbon chains of organic molecules
Science March Chlorobenzene
32
Recent experiments mimicking the conditions of asteroid bombardment on a solution with the simple organic molecule formamide produced all of the RNA nucleotides: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil Science Dec 14, 2014
33
Chemicals formed in the atmosphere or space and with rained down on earth and collected in tide pools where further evolution occurred. Some scientists think that the earliest steps in evolution occurred in the hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean
34
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Polymerization experiments Simple sugars Complex carbohydrates Amino Acids Proteins Nucleotides Nucleic Acids Fatty Acids Lipids & Glycerol
35
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Polymerization can be accomplished easily by: Evaporation Freezing Heating Adsorption onto minerals & clays with catalytic properties Hypothesis is supported
36
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Interacting Chemical Systems Coacervates= colloidal drops of organic materials in solution (Oparin) Coacervate Properties: “Feeding” Size of small cell Membrane Add enzymes—Molecular reactions Growth & division
37
Primary Abiogenesis Experimental Evidence
Reproduction DNA & RNA both make copies of themselves using nucleotides = “feeding” & reproduction Competition for raw materials between molecules “Survival of the fittest & natural selection”
38
Primary Abiogenesis RNA WORLD?
Organic Soup Pre-RNA World RNA World Autocatalytic RNA Protein DNA RNA Protein Perhaps: FIRST CELL Today’s Cells
39
We Have a Long Way to Go But scientists are now on the track to producing the first cell.
40
A SCIENTIST'S VERSION OF GENESIS
Similar presentations
