1. CCT490: Week 3 History II Yuri Takhteyev September 22, 2010
University of Toronto
September 22, 2010
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2. © @ MIT “hackers” AT&T selling Unix 1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702
430Ms (1983)
1957 – FORTRAN
1959 – COBOL
1959 – LISP
230Ms – BSD
USL v BSDi
1977
1944 – Mark I
1946 – ENIAC
1955 – SAGE
1957 – ARPANET
1984 – GNU @
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1957 – Sputnik

3. Richard Stallman
the GNU Project

4. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each licensee is addressed as "you".
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it,

5. Licenses Proprietary Free “permissive” “copyleft” (“new” BSD, MIT/X)
GPL

6. 1978, Donald Knuth LaTeX in the 1980s
image source:
1978, Donald Knuth
→ Leslie Lamport’s
LaTeX in the 1980s

7. 1982, Walter Tichy
RCS
→ Dick Grune’s CVS
in 1986

8. 1984, Scheifler, Gettys and others
image source:

9. 1987, Larry Wall
Perl

10. 1990, Tim Berners-Lee
image source:

11. Apache HTTP Server 1995, Robert McCool and others NSCA HTTPd →
image source:

12. Market Share for Top Servers Across All Domains
August August 2010,

13. © @ MIT “hackers” Personal computers IBM-compatible PC
AT&T selling Unix
1951 – UNIVAC
1952 – IBM 702
430Ms (1983)
230Ms – BSD
1957 – FORTRAN
1959 – COBOL
USL v BSDi
1977
1944 – Mark I
1946 – ENIAC
1955 – SAGE
1957 – ARPANET
1984 – GNU @
GNU+Linux
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1957 – Sputnik

14. “Three Cultures” 1. “ARPAnet/PDP-10 culture” 2. “Unix and C crowd”
3. “early microcomputer enthusiasts”

16. IBM PC, 1981
image source:

17. image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windows1.0.png

18. image source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Norton_Commander_5

19. Xerox Star, 1981 (a “workstation”)
image source:

20. Linus Torvalds
GNU + Linux

21. Linux Distributions Linux + GNU tools + X Windows + Apache + LaTeX
+ Perl
+ etc.
a distribution

22. 1993 IPO in 1999, with $3 billion valuation
(Now challenged by Ubuntu, based on Debian.)
image source:

23. 2001, IBM invests $1 billion in Linux
image source:

24. “Linus’s law”

25. “Open source”

26. image source: http://www. lanl

27. 2007
image source:

28. Kroah-Hartman et al, 2009

29. Assignment 1