1. UNIT 10 Chapter 29 – The Great War
WORLD WAR I

2. CHAPTER 29 The Great War, 1914–1918 SECTION 2 Europe Plunges into War
Several factors lead to World War I, a conflict that devastates Europe and has a major impact on the world.
SECTION 1
Marching Toward War
SECTION 2
Europe Plunges into War
SECTION 3
A Global Conflict
SECTION 4
A Flawed Peace
Allied soldiers climbing over trenches on first day of the costly Battle of the Somme (July 1, 1916).

3. OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and effects of World War I.
Objective 10.2: Describe the military events that developed on the Western and Eastern fronts.
THEME: At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives.

4. CHAPTER 29 SECTION 2 EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR
One European nation after another is drawn into a large and industrialized war that results in many casualties.

5. WAR BEGINS Armies on the March Nations Take Sides
Russia moves troops to its borders with Austria and Germany
Germany declares war on Russia, quickly attacks France
Great Britain declares war on Germany
Nations Take Sides
By mid-August 1914, two sides at war throughout Europe: Central & Allied Powers
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Central Powers — Germany, Austria-Hungary
Allies — Britain, France, Russia
(each side includes other nations)
By September 1914, the war reached a stalemate, a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage.

6. STALEMATE Western Front — battle zone in northern France
Schlieffen Plan — German plan to defeat France quickly, then fight Russia
With the Schlieffen Plan, Germany nearly takes Paris
Germany forced to retreat at First Battle of the Marne
Schlieffen Plan fails; Germany has to fight two-front war
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7. The Battle of the Marne

8. NEW WEAPONS
Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines (ex – machine guns) used in World War I.
Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy.
New weapons only lead to more deaths
Massive losses for both sides at 1916 battles of Verdun and Somme
Verdun (Feb. 1916): 600,000 die for Germans to gain 4 miles of land
New Weaponry dramatically increases death totals: Poison Gas, Machine Guns, Tanks, Submarines
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9. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

10. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

11. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

12. NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS

13. Poison Gas
Machine Gun
By far, the most devastating new weapon introduced was the machine gun. It changed warfare forever and led to the development of Trench Warfare.
Why staelemate
Machine guns led

14. TRENCH WARFARE
Conflict descends into trench warfare — armies fighting from trenches (ditches dug into the ground)
Battles result in many deaths, small land gains
Life in trenches is miserable, difficult, unsanitary
German Trenches

15. NO MAN’S LAND
Opposing trenches were separated by an empty “no man’s land.”
This describes the area of land between two enemy trench systems to which neither side wished to move openly or to seize due to fear of being attacked by the enemy in the process.
Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties.

16. FAST FACTS: LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
What was life like in a trench?

17. TRENCH WARFARE WHY STALEMATE?
Machine guns led to the creation of trenches
Trench warfare meant that no side advanced very often

18. STRUCTURE OF TRENCHES Structure and Conditions of Trenches
Zig-zag pattern
Multiple lines
Wire & sandbag
Video on Structure:
utube.com/watch ?v=FvYIIuxh2kY

19. FIGHTING IN RUSSIA Early Fighting Russia Struggles
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Early Fighting
Eastern Front — site of main fighting along the German-Russian border
Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to retreat
Russia Struggles
Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many casualties, few supplies
Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force
prevents Germany from sending more troops to the Western Front

20. The War in Europe, 1914–1918

21. War in Europe ASSESSMENT
What is a stalemate?
(A) When countries come together to make treaties outlawing war
(B) a new style of war that uses new technologies like poison gas
(C) a type of warfare fought in underground ditches
(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage
Which of these is best describes the eastern front?
(A) German plan to defeat France, then fight Russia
(B) heavy battle zone in northern France
(C) site of main fighting along the German-Russian border

22. War in Europe ASSESSMENT
What is a stalemate?
(A) When countries come together to make treaties outlawing war
(B) a new style of war that uses new technologies like poison gas
(C) a type of warfare fought in underground ditches
(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage
Which of these is best describes the eastern front?
(A) German plan to defeat France, then fight Russia
(B) heavy battle zone in northern France
(C) site of main fighting along the German-Russian border