2. Reminders! Revised essay is due typed, printed, and stapled by 5:00pm.
Tomorrow is the BRAWL!
Three rounds; random names; max 1 minute response
No assistance from notes or group members
You will have a brief intermission between each round for strategizing.
Questions are due immediately AFTER the BRAWL
25 quiz points
Redemption will be an online activity that you can do individually to bring up your individual grade; otherwise, you will all have the same grade.

3. Unit 3: Age of Reason
“If you can just communicate, you can get by, but if you can communicate skillfully, you can work miracles.” – Jim Rohn
26 letters
What is the Age of Reason? (1740’s – 1820)
Essential Questions
Rhetorical Precis (AP Lang Analysis) & SOAPSTone (AP Lang Organizer)
Reading / Writing
Notes

4. Rhetorical Appeals = the three elements to the art of persuasion defined by Aristotle.
Logos (logic) – an argument based on facts, evidence, and reason; appeals to the readers’ sense of what is logical
Ethos (ethics/image) - an argument based on character; appeals to the audience’s sense of ethical behavior. The writer/speaker presents him/herself to the audience as credible, trustworthy, honest, and ethical.
“I am an ethical expert, so believe what I say.”
Pathos (emotion/passion) – an argument based on feelings; appeals to the readers’ emotions and feelings.

8. Rhetorical Techniques = techniques that an author/speaker uses to convey to the audience with the goal of persuading him toward considering the validity of an purpose
Analogy = comparison between two things that are alike in certain respects
Similes and Metaphors
Use in persuasion to demonstrate the logic of one idea by showing how it is similar to an accepted idea.
Allusion = short/informal reference to a famous person, event, or story. Relies on audience to be familiar with the reference and hidden meaning.
Used to stimulate ideas, association, and add extra information.
Antithesis = the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed in form
A balanced contrast of ideas, the direct opposite; think about Good vs. Evil
“Our government should work for us, not against us. It should help us, not hurt us.”
- Barack Obama

9. Take out your annotated copy of “The Crisis”
Wednesday, 11.2
Take out your annotated copy of “The Crisis”

10. SOAPSTone = an acronym for a series of questions to ask yourself when reading a text. Used in AP Lang and Lit
Speaker –
Who is the speaker? Does the voice belong to a fictional character? Or does it belong to the author themselves? Is there more than one speaker? What do you know about this person from historic references or from what you’ve previously read? How does this background information form his/her opinions?
The speaker and his/her characteristics play a defining part in the meaning of a work of literature. Spend some time thinking about the background of the piece. This can be helpful in identifying the speaker or source of work.

11. SOAPSTone = an acronym for a series of questions to ask yourself when reading a text. Used in AP Lang and Lit
Occasion –
What is the occasion? This is another way of asking about the setting of a work. When did the piece take place? Where did it occur? Is it a memory, delusion, or an actual event?
Environmental factors often affect the meaning within the text.
There are two types of occasions: larger occasions and immediate occasions.
Larger occasions are factors in the environment of attitudes, ideas, and emotions that are involved in the broad issue at hand.
Immediate occasions are situations or events that are more specific than larger occasions and are used to catch the readers attention and make them think. Most of the time, immediate occasions are designed to trigger a response from the audience.

12. SOAPSTone = an acronym for a series of questions to ask yourself when reading a text. Used in AP Lang and Lit
Audience –
Who is the audience? Specifically, what group of readers is this piece directed towards? What would be the ideal audience for this piece? Understanding the audience of a literary work can often help decipher the meaning behind it.

13. SOAPSTone = an acronym for a series of questions to ask yourself when reading a text. Used in AP Lang and Lit
Purpose –
What is the purpose? For what reason did the author write this piece? What does the author want to accomplish when addressing the audience with his/work? Ultimately, why was this piece written?
This is perhaps the most important letter in the acronym to consider when analyzing text. It can singlehandedly unlock the meaning of a work.

14. SOAPSTone = an acronym for a series of questions to ask yourself when reading a text. Used in AP Lang and Lit
Subject –
What is the subject? What is the piece about specifically? How do you know? What was the intended task the author was trying to accomplish when writing his/her piece?
Summarizing this in a few words or sentences can help build your comprehension of the text.

15. SOAPSTone = an acronym for a series of questions to ask yourself when reading a text. Used in AP Lang and Lit
Tone –
What is the tone of the author? What is his/her attitude toward the actions unfolding in their work? How is the tone conveyed in the author’s syntax (construction of sentences), diction (word choice), and imagery (similes, metaphors, and other types of figurative language)?
The author’s tone says a lot about his/her work, and why he/she may have written it in the first place.