1. How did the Cold War begin and develop?
Unit 11 Notes
How did the Cold War begin and develop?

2. What was the Cold War?

3. The Cold War
After World War II, U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as superpowers
They become enemies
Communism v. Capitalism and Democracy
Soviets felt that U.S. did not fight Hitler in Europe fast enough (could have helped them by distracting him from Soviet Union)
Americans did not trust Stalin

4. The “Iron Curtain”
The line that divided Europe into East (Communist) and West (Democratic) was the “iron curtain”

5. Containment Policy
Stopping the spread of communism to other countries

6. Truman Doctrine -1947
U.S will provide economic and military aid to countries threatened by internal or external opponents
(U.S. gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey to try to prevent communist takeover)

7. Marshall Plan
The U.S. provided economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II

8. Discussion Question
Why would the U.S. be concerned with helping Europe rebuild? Why does the U.S not have an isolationist policy after World War II?

9. Communism in China (Don’t write yet)
Nationalists v. Communists
Mao Zedong
Chaing Kai-Shek

10. Communist China U.S. supports Chian Kai-Shek and Nationalists.
Communists and Mao Zedong gain support in China because of corrupt Nationalist government
1949 the Communists take over China

11. U.S. Reaction Containment did not work Fear becomes hysteria
Conservatives say U.S. didn’t do enough, and some think communist agents inside government are to blame

12. Causes of the Korean War
After World War II, Korea was divided into North Korea (Communist) and South Korea (Democratic)
Soviets supplied North Korea with war supplies in an attempt to take over all of Korea.

14. Korean War
In 1950, North Korea crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded South Korea
United Nations and U.S. send troops
General Douglas MacArthur (World War II hero) is made commander of all forces

15. China joins the fight on the side of North Korea
UN forces and South Korean troops push them back to the 38th parallel

16. July 1953 armistice is signed
The war was a stalemate
Truman fires MacArthur, who tried to defy him (MacArthur wanted to drop nuclear weapons on Chinese cities)

17. Impact of Korean War
Republicans win presidential election (Dwight Eisenhower is elected)
Increased fear of communism
Prompted hunt for Americans to blame for communist gains

18. McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy said he had a list of names of Communists in the State Department
Trials were held and McCarthyism encouraged anti-communist hysteria

19. McCarthyism
In 1954, televised trials revealed him as a bully and he lost public support
(He was scolded by the Senate, and died 3 years later of alcoholism)

20. Space Race
Sputnik I
Space race began when Soviets launched Sputnik, the world’s first artificial satellite, in 1957
Many Americans panicked, but President Eisenhower remained publicly calm
Eisenhower with special assistant Stasson who played an important role in Space Race

21. Space Race
U.S. and Soviet Union continued to compete in the “New Frontier” (space).
Soviets put the first man in space (and first living creature, a dog named Laika on Sputnik II)
Americans were the first to land on the moon