1. Longitude lines – Drawn on maps as reference points.
Run North and South
Prime Meridian is zero degrees longitude
Prime Meridian runs from North to South Pole

2. Latitude lines – Drawn on maps as reference points
Run East and West
Equator is zero degrees latitude
Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are lines of latitude

3. Referred to as half the globe There are four hemispheres
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere

4. Large scale – more details Small scale – less details
Cartographers decide what scale to use by determining how much detail is needed on the map.
Large scale – more details
Small scale – less details
Usually very accurate on standardized tests
Since scale uses numerical fractions or ratios they are understood in any language

5. A way of showing a curved surface like the Earth on a flat map
Projections
A way of showing a curved surface like the Earth on a flat map
Flat maps distort size, shape, and direction

6. Shows landforms and bodies of water in a specific area
Physical Maps
Shows landforms and bodies of water in a specific area
You can learn relative location and characteristics of places in a region
Color, shading, or contour lines are used to show elevations or altitudes, also called relief

7. Most students are familiar and comfortable reading this type of map
Political Maps
Most students are familiar and comfortable reading this type of map
Shows features and boundaries that humans have created on the Earth’s surface
Political maps may be of cities, states, provinces, territories, and countries
Disputes over boundaries occur, even in the USA

8. Legend and title contain vital information about map
Thematic Maps
These maps focus on specific ideas such as climate, types of vegetation, natural resources, population densities, and economic activities
Legend and title contain vital information about map
Some Thematic maps show historical trends others may focus on movement of people or ideas
3 types of Thematic maps: Qualitative, Cartogram, and Flow Line Maps

9. Qualitative Maps
Colors, symbols, dots, or lines are used to help show patterns related to specific ideas
Like all maps, the legend and title are vital to understanding what information is being presented

10. Presents information about a country other than its shape or size
Cartograms
Presents information about a country other than its shape or size
In other words a cartogram may not look like a physical or political map as it relates to the size and shape
The size of the country or state will be determined by data not its actual land size
Energy Consumption

11. Illustrates movement of people, goods, or ideas
Flow-Line Maps
Illustrates movement of people, goods, or ideas
Movement is shown by a series of arrows
Width of arrow may show how extensive the flow is
Often related to a period in time