1. Reproduction

2. There are 2 kinds of reproduction:
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction

3. Asexual
Reproduction

4. Asexual Reproduction
This type of reproduction involves only ONE parent organism (either unicellular or multicellular).
Occurs by MITOSIS and cytoplasmic division
The offspring contains the same DNA as the parent and is therefore a CLONE
Ex: An ameba reproduces asexually by splitting in two

5. Types of
Asexual
Reproduction

6. Three types of Asexual Reproduction:
Binary Fission
Budding
Regeneration

7. Binary
Fission

8. I. Binary Fission The simplest form of asexual reproduction.
Splitting of an organism into 2 or more individuals of equal size

9. Where is the Parent? No parent is left!
The parent has become two individuals
Organisms that perform Binary Fission are: paramecium, bacteria, ameba

11. Budding

12. II. Budding
The parent organism divides into two parts that are unequal
Budding differs from binary fission because the parent and the offspring are not the same size
Ex: Hydra, Yeast

15. Regeneration

16. III. Regeneration
A new individual can arise from a segment of an existing organism
Helpful for replacement of injured or lost body parts
Ex: Starfish, Planarian, Worms

17. Mitosis

18. Mitosis
Our body cells, such as skin and hair, reproduce asexually by splitting and dividing through a process we call MITOSIS
Mitosis is used when cells/tissues need to grow and repair

19. Mitosis creates clones of the parent cell
Body cells contain 46 chromosomes (the Diploid number)

20. DNA

21. What is DNA?
All the information needed to create an entire organism is encoded in DNA
DNA is segmented into Genes
A single molecule of DNA has thousands of genes lined up like train cars

22. Chromosomes DNA is coiled into a structure called a chromosome
When DNA is copied – the exact copy is called a chromatid
Two chromatids are joined by a centromere

25. Single-Stranded Chromosomes

27. Stages of Mitosis

28. Mitosis

29. Cell Division Animation

30. Mitosis in Animal Cell

31. Mitosis in Plant Cell

32. Mitosis
gone wrong:
Cancer

33. What is Cancer?
Sometimes body cells do not respond to normal control mechanisms, and continue to divide as long as nutrients are available
Eventually a tumor forms
If cancer cells remain at the original site they are considered benign

34. If they spread to neighboring tissues, they are considered malignant
This spread of cancerous cells beyond the original site is called metasasis
May be treated with high energy radiation and poisonous chemicals (chemotherapy)