1. Crafting Comprehensive Public Land Legislation
Tools for Wyoming
Paul Spitler
The Wilderness Society

2. Overview The art of collaboration.
Washington, D.C. – and what it means for you.
Conservation designations.
Economic development, recreation, and other public land legislation components.

3. Compromise...is not a four-letter word!

4. Collaboration Means there will be give and take.
No one gets everything they want.
We need to come out ahead – and so does everyone else.
Has worked in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and...Wyoming!

5. Washington DC (Like you never knew it)
Lessons for Success

6. Washington DC (Like you never knew it)
DC is divided.
DC often operates by consensus.
DC is inclusive.
DC does not favor creativity.

7. Washington DC (Like you never knew it)
DC follows rules.
DC likes the laws it has written.
DC keeps tight reins on the cash.
DC is slow.

8. Rules to Live By Broad stakeholder support is essential.
Stay committed to ‘win win’.
Communication is key.

9. Rules to Live By Avoid poison pills. There are no shortcuts.
You have to want it.

10. Public Land Designation Options
Short version: Congress can craft a designation to fit any circumstances.
Long version: see next slides...

11. Wilderness
(more on this later)

12. National Conservation Area
The concept: Protect an area’s outstanding natural, scenic, ecological, or other values while allowing certain uses that are disallowed in wilderness.
Key issues:
Purposes. The area must be managed to conserve its outstanding scenic, natural, cultural, and recreational values. Only such uses as further those purposes may be allowed.
Recreation. Motorized vehicles limited to designated routes. Most require a new travel management plan.
Mining/energy/disposal. Most NCAs are withdrawn from mineral entry, disposal, and energy development.
Other activities. Consistent with the purposes.

13. National Scenic Area/National Recreation Area
The concept: A flexible designation that can protect an area’s outstanding natural values, while providing for a variety of recreation or other activities, including those that are disallowed in wilderness areas.
Key issues:
No organic act. Management is wholly dependent on the authorizing legislation.
Management goals.
Management objectives
can vary significantly.
Recreation, mining,
energy, other uses.

14. Potential Wilderness
The concept: Manage an area as though it were wilderness except for a single, non-conforming use. Once the non-conforming use is eliminated, the area will be designated as wilderness without further action by Congress.
Key issues:
Management. Managed as
wilderness, except for single,
non-conforming use.
Duration. Set period,
or indefinitely?

15. Mineral Withdrawals
The concept: Prohibit new mining claims in a specified area.
Key issues:
Management. Will the withdrawal come with any other management restrictions?
Valid existing rights. Existing claims are honored and may be developed.

16. Motorized Vehicle Use Limitations
The concept: Limit the use of motorized vehicles to legal, existing routes that are in place at the time the legislation passes; prohibit new road construction.
Key issues:
Management. Will the motorized vehicle limitation come with any other management restrictions?
Existing routes. Have existing routes been designated?
Mountain bikes. Will they be covered as well?

17. Other Designations Special Management Area
Special Management Areas have been utilized or suggested when other designations do not fit well.   
National Monument
As with many other designations, management is entirely dependent on the authorizing legislation.   
Various
Occasionally, designations have been crafted to protect to the particular attributes of a specific landscape. Such designations are very site-specific.

18. Other Legislative Components

19. Recreation Areas Can be motorized or non-motorized.
May include snowmobile areas, off-highway vehicle areas, or special management areas for non-motorized recreation.
Specified recreational activities are permitted to continue in perpetuity, subject to federal laws.

20. Off-Highway Vehicle Routes, Recreation Facilities, and Studies
Designate of off-highway routes on federal land.
Existing routes only.
Subject to all environmental laws.
Develop new recreational facilities, such as campgrounds, trailheads, or trails.
Study new recreational opportunities, including trail expansion.  

21. Recreation Facilities & Studies
These facilities may be very important to local communities and may provide for greatly enhanced recreational opportunities. In adopting this approach care should be taken to ensure that the facilities do not incur substantial cost.
Legislation may require that federal agencies assess opportunities to expand recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, and motorized and non-motorized travel. A thorough assessment of these opportunities may lead to new trails, campgrounds, or other recreational access.

22. Targeted Land Exchanges
Can provide important economic development.
Can be between Federal government and State or private landowners.
Often exchange State lands with high conservation value are for Federal lands with high economic potential and lower conservation value.

23. Land Conveyances for Public Purposes
Authorized by FLPMA and Recreation and Public Purposes Act.
Conveyance must be for legitimate public purposes.
Public purposes include parks, recreation facilities, airports, government buildings, schools, etc.
Can provide important public benefits.
This is not public land giveaway!

24. Targeted Land Disposal
Authorize the sale of public land, generally limited to lands identified for disposal in the local land management plan.
This is not public land giveaway!

25. Forest Restoration
Designate national forest lands for restoration purposes.
Has been tried, but not passed.
Limitations apply...

27. HARD RELEASE
What the heck is the difference between hard and soft release, anyway?
Soft Release – removing existing limitations (found in section 603 of FLPMA) that require wilderness study areas be managed to maintain their wilderness characteristics until Congress acts. Released wilderness study areas are managed like any other BLM land, according to the planning requirements of section 202 of FLPMA. This may include future wilderness inventory and protection of wilderness character.

28. Soft Release
Soft release can also be applied to forests (by releasing them from the roadless rule). The key point is that land management agencies retain the ability to inventory and protect wilderness characteristics in the future.

29. HARD RELEASE
Hard Release – is removing existing protections for an area, while prohibiting land management agencies from inventorying and protecting wilderness values on that land in the future.
* This has never passed Congress. Ever.

30. Soft versus HARD Release
The key difference:
In soft release, land management agencies retain the ability to inventory and protect wilderness values in the future. In hard release, the agencies lose that ability. That’s it.
It has nothing to do with Congress, and no Congress has the ability to bind a future Congress.

31. Undermining environmental laws

32. contradicting the wilderness act
Allowing any activity in wilderness areas that are impermissible under the Wilderness Act.

33. What is Allowed in Wilderness?
Chainsaws?
Fighting fires?
Cows?
Bikes?

34. wholesale public land giveaway

35. limiting new national monuments
Oh, wait...
GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK ACT
September 14, 1950 Be it enacted ... there is hereby established a new "Grand Teton National Park“... Provided, That no further extension or establishment of national parks or monuments in Wyoming may be undertaken except by express authorization of the Congress.

36. Successful Models (among many)
Washington County, UT
Land disposal, Off-highway vehicle routes, wilderness, land conveyances, travel planning, conservation areas.
Lincoln County, NV
Land disposal, land conveyances, utility corridor, wilderness, off-high vehicle routes, WSA release.
Owyhee Initiative, ID
WSA release, grazing management, wilderness, wild and scenic rivers, travel planning, land disposal.

37. Resources
Wilderness Act Handbook – comprehensive guide to wilderness management.
Factsheets on wilderness management:
Wildfire
Grazing
Wildlife water development
Sage grouse
Etc.
Public Land Designation Options – descriptions of the various approaches.
Background comprehensive public land legislation.
And more – just ask!

38. Paul Spitler The Wilderness Society (202) 360-1912 paul_spitler@tws
Paul Spitler The Wilderness Society (202)

39. The End