1. Muscle, muscle tissue tendons
Dr. Anna L. Kiss
Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology
Semmelweis University
Budapest
2015

2. General myology Musculature: actíve component of the movement
Structure: striated muscle (skeletal)
tendons: dense connective tissue
connective tissue sheath: fascia
(epimysium)
Muscle tissues, striated muscle,, contractile proteins, sarcomere

3. Muscle tissue Smooth muscle Stiated muscle Cardiac muscle
Function: contraction
Origin: mesoderm
Structure: cells or „fibers”

4. Smooth muscle phylogenetically the most ancient type
spindle shaped cells
slow, non-synchronized, unvoluntary contraction
actin and myosin are NOT arranged in registers
internal organs wall

5. Smooth muscle
Nucleus: in the middle of the cells

6. Smooth muscle
thick filaments: myosin
thin fialments: actin

7. Contraction of smooth muscle

8. Smooth muscle contraction
Ca ion: caveolae
Ca-binding protein: calmodulin
Contractile protein: actin+myosin
ATP

9. Striated(skeletal) muscle

10. Striated muscle:
a.) skeletal
b.) visceral
c.) cardiac
Structure: muscle fibers: multinucleated giant cells (syncitium: fusion of the embryonic myoblasts)
lenght: > 30cm
diameter: µm

11. Skeletal muscle

12. Electron Microscopic picture
sarcomere

13. Structural unit of the striated muscle: sarcomera
Muscle fibers
myofilaments: contractile proteins: actin and myosin
regularly arranged
cross striation

14. Sarcomere during contraction

15. Skeletal muscle

16. Contractile proteins Myosin head: actin binding site + ATP binding
Thin filaments
Myosin head: actin binding site + ATP binding
thick filaments

17. Sarcomere

18. mysosine binding site
mysosine head

20. For the contraction of the skeletal muscle:
contractile proteins: actin and myosin
Ca2+ (stored in sER)
impulse transfer from the sarcoplasm to sER-re (triads)
ATP (directly from kreatin phosphate, 20 mmól/kg)
mitochondria
oxigen (myoglobin + haemoglobin)
aerob (biological oxidation)
anaerob (fermentation)
glikogén

21. Triád: a.) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels: T-tubules (transverse)
SR ciszterna
b.) Ca 2+ -ATP-ase
Ca 2+ outflow
Ca 2+ back to the SER

22. Types of the skeletal muscle
„red” muscle
„white” muscle
size
small
large fibers
diameter
contraction
slow
fast
color
dark (red)
light (white)
numorous
few
numorous
few
numorous
few
fat in the cytoplasm
numorous
fewer
glycogen in the cytoplasm
fewer
larger amount
resistancy
bigger
smaller

23. Cardiac muscle

24. Cardiac muscle cells (bifurcation; X or Y shaped branching cells)
cross striation: actin and myosin are in register
nucleus is in the middle of the cells
intercalated disc (Eberth’s line – junctions)
lots of capillaries
lipofuscin

25. Cardiac muscle

26. Intercalated disc (Eberth’s line)
fascia adherens
desmosoma
gap junction (nexus)

27. Cardiac muscle

28. Fine structure of the cardiac muscle
diad
large amount of mitochondria

29. impulse condacting cells: Purkinje cells
non-differentiated muscle cells!!