1. Introductions and Conclusions in the literary essay

2. Introductions – the inverted pyramid
Hook: State a global opener that engages the reader’s
attention and thought, and relates
to the general audience
Presentation of Subject: Apply
the general/global opener to
the novel - introduce
novel and author
Thesis: Specific
focus related to
someone or
something
in the
novel

3. Without strong leadership and social order, civilization would come tumbling down like a house built on an active fault line. A strong leader is a person who can deal with life-threatening situations with optimism. A strong leader also needs to be practical and responsible. Unfortunately, even when a exemplary leadership is available, sometimes people are not willing to follow it. This is evident in Lord of the Flies by William Golding when the author clearly establishes a well-rounded leader. This leader is Ralph who shows all of the characteristics of an excellent leader; however, unfortunately for the boys, he is not followed.

4. Hook – an opening that interests or engages the reader’s mind
Without strong leadership and social order,
civilization would come tumbling down like
house built on an active fault line.
Choose a key idea from the thesis, then create a hook by:
Giving a real-world example
Providing a “what if” scenario
Starting with an outside quote that relates
Presenting a bold statement or a simile or metaphor
NO DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS!

5. Hook ideas for this paper

6. Presentation of subject – Develop hook
Without strong leadership and social order, civilization would come tumbling down like a house built on an active fault line. A strong leader is a person who can deal with life-threatening situations with optimism. A strong leader also needs to be practical and responsible.

7. Presentation of subject – apply to and present novel & author
Without strong leadership and social order, civilization would come tumbling down like a house built on an active fault line. A strong leader is a person who can deal with life-threatening situations with optimism. A strong leader also needs to be practical and responsible. Unfortunately, even when a exemplary leadership is available, sometimes people are not willing to follow it. This is evident in Lord of the Flies by William Golding when the author clearly establishes a well-rounded leader.

8. Presentation of Subject Ideas
What information will we need to develop in order to help the readers understand the discussion in this essay?

9. Thesis
Without strong leadership and social order, civilization would come tumbling down like a house built on an active fault line. A strong leader is a person who can deal with life-threatening situations with optimism. A strong leader also needs to be practical and responsible. Unfortunately, even when a exemplary leadership is available, sometimes people are not willing to follow it. This is evident in Lord of the Flies by William Golding when the author clearly establishes a well-rounded leader. This leader is Ralph who shows all of the characteristics of an excellent leader; however, unfortunately for the boys, he is not followed.

10. Conclusions – Gently release your reader back into the world
REWORD
the original
thesis from the introduction
RECAP the major
points of the body
PROVIDE an ending sentence that ties back to the opening hook.

11. Thesis Restatement
Ralph is the epitome of a good leader.

12. Main idea Recap
Ralph is the epitome of a good leader. He knows how to deal with stressful, disheartening situations in an auspicious way and is a very astute person when dealing with seemingly impossible problems. He is a practical, responsible leader who deserves the respect and loyalty of the boys.

13. Ties back to opening
Ralph is the epitome of a good leader. He knows how to deal with stressful, disheartening situations in an auspicious way and is a very astute person when dealing with seemingly impossible problems. He is a practical, responsible leader who deserves the respect and loyalty of the boys. However, since the boys did not choose to follow Ralph, “the world, that understandable and lawful world, was slipping away” (91) and eventually led to the deaths of three people as well as civilization. With the fall of the leader, so goes the society that they head.