1. RECTIFICATION

2. X-RAY CIRCUIT

3. Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity
Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also love for humanity Hippocrates

4. RECTIFICATION
PROCESS BY WHICH ALTERNATING CURRENT IS CHANGED TO PULSATING DIRECT CURRENT

5. ALTERNATING CURRENT 1 PHASE
A/C ( UNRECTIFIED)- FREQUENCY 60 Hz

6. 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
60 NEGATIVE PULSES/SEC

7. 60 POSITIVE
PULSES
60 NEGATIVE
PULSES
120 PULSES
60 FULL CYCLES

8. BATTERY – CURRENT OUTPUT
STEADY D/C

9. D/C HALF WAVE RECTIFIED
D/C HALF-WAVE – 60 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
NEGATIVE PULSES ARE SUPPRESSED
1 PULSE/CYCLE

10. D/C FULL WAVE RECTIFIED
D/C HALF-WAVE – 120 POSITIVE PULSES/SEC
2 PULSES/CYCLE

11. D/C -3 PHASE 6 PULSE CURRENT
D/C 3 PHASE 6 PULSE – 6 PULSES/CYCLE

12. D/C 3 PHASE 12 PULSE – 12 PULSES/CYCLE

13. DIODES OR VALVE TUBES HELP RECTIFY A/C CURRENT
ELECTRONS
DIODE
VALVE TUBE

15. X-RAY TUBE FORWARD BIAS

16. REVERSE BIAS + - NO
X-RAY

17. FORWARD vs REVERSE

18. RECTIFICATION TYPES HALF-WAVE FULL WAVE THREE PHASE SIX PULSE
THREE PHASE TWELVE PULSE
HIGH FREQUENCY SINGLE PHASE

19. RECTIFICATION
NO RECTIFICATION
HALF-WAVE
FULL-WAVE

20. 3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

21. 3 PHASE RECTIFICATION

22. HIGH FREQUENCY RECTIFICATION

23. HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

24. HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION

25. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

26. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

27. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

28. 3 PHASE 6 PULSE

29. 3 PHASE 12 PULSE

30. HIGH FREQUENCY

31. VOLTAGE RIPPLE HALF WAVE------------------- 100%
FULL WAVE %
3 PHASE 6 PULSE %
3 PHASE 12 PULSE %
HIGH FREQUENCY <1%

32. RIPPLE
100%
100%
100%

33. RIPPLE-3 PHASE
13%

34. RIPPLE-HIGH FREQUENCY
<1%

35. Home-made x-ray apparatus

36. CHECKING FAILURE OF RECTIFICATION SYSTEM
SPINNING TOP TEST – 1 PHASE EQUIPMENT
SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST-
3 PHASE WITH LONGER EXPOSURE TIMES
OSCILLOSCOPE- 3 PHASE EQUIPMENT WITH SHORT EXPOSURE TIMES

37. SPINNING TOP TEST

39. RESULT OF SPINNING TOP TEST- 1 PHASE - DASHES

40. HALF- WAVE RECTIFICATION
# OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 60 PULSES

41. FULL- WAVE RECTIFICATION
# OF DASHES = TIME (SEC) x 120 PULSES

42. RESULT OF SYNCHRONOUS SPINNING TOP TEST-3PHASE ARC

43. 3 PHASE RECTIFICATION- LONGER EXPOSURE TIME
DEG. OF ARC = 360°/ sec x TIME (sec)

44. UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE

45. UTILIZING OSCILLOSCOPE RECTIFIED SYSTEM