1. What to teach? p1 Situation Analysis (Teaching by Principle: p.151)
Needs Assessment (p152 ~ 153)
* Diagnosis/Questionnaire, Test Results,
Interview Professionals, Personal Observation,
In-class Reactions, Evaluation Results Government’s Language Policies,
Researches, Experiments

2. What to teach? p2 Problematizing: Specifying Goals
Graves (1996, p5): anticipating potential obstacles in advance.
Specifying Goals
c.f. Goals: broadly based aims and purposes in an educational context.
(* 江翠國民中學教學教案: Christmas)
Objectives: more specific than goals.
Aims and purposes within the narrow context of a
lesson or an activity within a lesson.
“ specific statements that describe particular knowledge, behaviors, and/or skills.”

3. What to teach?p3 (Teaching by Principles: p. 192)
Conceptualizing a Course Syllabus
Types of Syllabus: Handouts
E4kids:
lexical, grammatical syllabus,
notion/functional syllabus
situational, topic-based, task-based
Selecting Textbooks, Materials, and Resource
Assessment
Program Evaluation:
teachers, learners, teaching, program

4. Evaluating a Lesson Plan
Instructions:
In group of 4, analyze the lesson plan you are given.
1. Identify what are included in the lesson plan.
2. Identify what else can be added in the lesson plan.
3. What are the goal and objectives in this lesson?
4. Analyze its strengths and weaknesses (two each).
5. Do you think the proposed plan can be carried out
within the time frame?
6. What will you do differently from the one given?

5. Teaching by Principles:
Useful Resources
Teaching by Principles:
p 206 ~ 209