1. Chapter 7
The Web and

2. Chapter Contents Section A: Web Technology Section B: Search Engines
Section C: E-commerce
Section D:
Section E: Web and Security
Chapter 7: The Web and

3. Web Technology Web Basics HTML HTTP Web Browsers Cookies
Web Page Authoring
HTML Scripts
Chapter 7: The Web and

4. Web Basics
The Web is an interlinked collection of document, image, video, and sound files
A Web site contains a collection of related information
Podcasts
RSS vs. Atom
Videocasting
Figure 7-1
Chapter 7: The Web and

5. Web Basics
A Web page is the product or output of one or more Web-based files displayed in a format similar to a page in a book
A Web browser is client software that displays Web page elements and handles links between pages
Every Web page has a unique address called a URL
Figure 7-3
Chapter 7: The Web and

6. HTML
Set of specifications for creating documents that a browser can display as a Web page
Markup language
HTML tags
XHTML
DHTML
Ajax
Chapter 7: The Web and

7. HTML
Figure 7-4
Chapter 7: The Web and

8. HTTP HTTP messages flow between a browser and a Web server.
Figure 7-5
Chapter 7: The Web and

9. Web Browsers Help you access Web pages
Upgrade to new browser versions as they become available
Popular browsers:
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Apple Safari
Netscape Navigator
Opera
Figure 7-7
Chapter 7: The Web and

10. Web Browsers
Helper applications extend browser’s ability to work with file formats
A plug-in is a type of helper application
A player is any helper application or plug-in that helps a browser display a particular file format
Figure 7-8
Chapter 7: The Web and

11. Cookies
Small chunk of data generated by a Web server and stored on computer’s hard disk
Fix problems caused by HTTP’s stateless protocol
Relatively safe
Your computer does not have to accept cookies
Figure 7-9
Chapter 7: The Web and

12. Web Page Authoring Text editor HTML conversion tool
Online Web authoring tools
Web authoring software
Microsoft FrontPage
Adobe Dreamweaver
Figure 7-11
Chapter 7: The Web and

13. HTML Scripts
HTML scripts can perform complicated tasks and respond to user actions
HTML forms
Server-side script
Client-side script
Java applet
ActiveX control
Digital Certificate
Figure 7-14
Chapter 7: The Web and

14. Search Engines Search Engine Basics Formulating Searches
Citing Web-based Source Material
Chapter 7: The Web and

15. Search Engine Basics
A Web search engine is a program designed to help people locate information on the Web by formulating simple keyword queries
Figure 7-16
Chapter 7: The Web and

16. Search Engine Basics
A Web crawler is a computer program that is automated to methodically visit Web sites
A search engine indexer is software that culls keywords from a Web page and stores them in a database
A search engine’s query processor looks for your search terms in search engine’s indexed database and returns list of relevant Web sites
Link popularity is measured by quantity and quality of links from one Web page to others
A meta keyword is entered into a header section of a Web page when it is created and is supposed to describe the page contents
Keyword stuffing
Chapter 7: The Web and

17. Formulating Searches
Most search engines work with keyword queries in which you enter one or more words, called search terms
Figure 7-21
Chapter 7: The Web and

18. Formulating Searches
A Boolean operator is a word or symbol that describes a relationship between keywords, helping you create a more focused query
Figure 7-22
Chapter 7: The Web and

19. Citing Web-Based Source
To copy a passage of text
from a Web page, highlight
the text, click the Edit
menu, then select Copy.
Next, switch to your own
document and use the
Paste option.
Figure 7-25
Chapter 7: The Web and

20. Citing Web-Based Source
Figure 7-26
Chapter 7: The Web and

21. E-commerce E-commerce Basics Online Shopping Online Auctions
Online Payment
Chapter 7: The Web and

22. E-commerce Basics
Business transactions conducted electronically over a computer network
B2C (business-to-consumer)
C2C (consumer-to-consumer)
B2B (business-to-business)
B2G (business-to-government)
Figure 7-27
Chapter 7: The Web and

23. E-commerce Basics Enhances traditional business models
Styles of online advertisements
Banner ad
Hover ad
Pop-up ad
Click-through rate
Ad-blocking software prevents ads from appearing on screens
Figure 7-28
Chapter 7: The Web and

24. Online Shopping In a typical shopping session, you connect to
an online storefront and
use navigation controls
to browse through the
merchant’s catalog. As
you browse, you can
drop items into your
electronic shopping cart.
At the checkout counter,
you enter the information
necessary to pay for the
items you selected.
Figure 7-30
Chapter 7: The Web and

25. Online Shopping
Figure 7-31
Chapter 7: The Web and

26. Shopping Carts
Figure 7-32
Chapter 7: The Web and

27. Online Auctions
An online auction is the electronic equivalent to good old-fashioned yard sales, rummage sales, and auctions
You can expect to bid on new, used, closeout, overstock, or refurbished items at an online auction
Computer software takes the place of an auctioneer
Figure 7-33
Chapter 7: The Web and

28. Online Payment
The most popular ways to make online payments include submitting your credit card number directly to a merchant and using a third-party payment service such as PayPal
Online shoppers are justifiably worried that personal information and credit card numbers supplied in the course of an e-commerce transaction might be hijacked and used inappropriately
Chapter 7: The Web and

29. Online Payment
A secure connection encrypts the data transmitted between your computer and a Web site
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
S-HTTP (secure HTTP)
Figure 7-34
Chapter 7: The Web and

30. Online Payment
Person-to-person payments are an alternative to credit cards
The payment service is the only entity that sees your credit card number
Service is in its infancy
An electronic wallet is software that stores billing and shipping information
Figure 7-35
Chapter 7: The Web and

31. Online Payment
An electronic wallet can transfer your billing and shipping information to a
participating site’s
e-commerce Web server when you check out.
Figure 7-36
Chapter 7: The Web and

32. E-mail E-mail Overview Netiquette E-mail Technology
Chapter 7: The Web and

33. Overview
Any person with an account can send and receive messages
Figure 7-37
Chapter 7: The Web and

34. E-Mail Overview Basic e-mail activities Writing Reading Replying
Forwarding
Figure 7-38
Chapter 7: The Web and

35. Overview
attachments are files that travel with an message
software converts attachments to MIME
HTML-compliant software
Additional features
Chapter 7: The Web and

36. Overview
Figure 7-41
Chapter 7: The Web and

37. Netiquette Internet etiquette Meaningful subject
Use uppercase and lowercase letters
Check spelling
Be careful what you send
Be polite
Be cautious with sarcasm and humor
Chapter 7: The Web and

38. Netiquette Use smileys and text messaging shorthand cautiously
Use the Bcc function for group mailings
Don’t send replies to all recipients
Don’t send huge attachments
Explain attachments
Stay alert for viruses
Notify recipients of viruses
Figure 7-42
Chapter 7: The Web and

39. E-mail Technology E-mail systems carry and manipulate e-mail messages
servers
Based on store-and-forward technology
Three types of systems widely used today:
POP
IMAP
Web-based
Chapter 7: The Web and

40. Technology
Web-based accounts allow you to use a browser to access your messages
Figure 7-43
Chapter 7: The Web and

41. Technology
A POP server is a computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk
client software
SMTP server
Figure 7-44
Chapter 7: The Web and

42. Web and E-mail Security
Cookie Exploits
Fake Sites
Spam
Phishing
Chapter 7: The Web and

43. Cookie Exploits
An ad-serving cookie can track your activities at any site containing banner ads from a third party
Figure 7-45
Chapter 7: The Web and

44. Cookie Exploits
A Flash cookie, also called a local shared object, is the Flash equivalent of a conventional Web cookie
A Web bug or clear GIF is typically a 1x1 pixel graphic embedded in a Web page or message. It is almost invisible due to its size, and is designed to track who’s reading the Web page or message
Antispyware is a type of security software designed to identify and neutralize Web bugs, ad-serving cookies, and other spyware
Chapter 7: The Web and

45. Cookie Exploits
Individuals who prefer not to leave a trail of their Internet activities surf through an anonymous proxy service, which uses an intermediary, or proxy, server to relay Web page requests after masking the originating IP address
Figure 7-48
Chapter 7: The Web and

46. Fake Sites
A fake Web site looks legitimate, but has been created by a third party to be a very clever replica of a legitimate Web site
Pharming is an exploit that redirects users to fake sites by “poisoning” a domain name server with a false IP address
Figure 7-49
Chapter 7: The Web and

47. Spam
Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail about medical products, low-cost loans, and fake software upgrades that arrives in your online mailbox
A spam filter is a type of utility software that captures unsolicited messages before they reach your inbox
To combat spam sent by hijacked botnet computers, authentication techniques, such as Sender ID and DomainKeys, verify that messages originate from the Internet domain from which they claim to have been sent
Chapter 7: The Web and

48. Spam
Figure 7-51
Chapter 7: The Web and

49. Phishing
Phishing is an based scam designed to persuade you to reveal confidential information, such as your bank account number or Social Security number
If you don’t want to become a phishing victim, be suspicious of messages that supposedly come from banks, ISPs, online payment services, operating system publishers, and online merchants
Chapter 7: The Web and

50. Phishing
Figure 7-52
Chapter 7: The Web and

51. Chapter 7 Complete
The Web and