1. Ground Deformation: Faulting and Folding Earthquakes and Mountain- Building

5. An Earthquake is a rapid vibration of the Earth’s surface created by a sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault.

7. Energy released radiates in all directions from its source, the focus

9. Energy propagates in the form of seismic waves

10. L Waves
S Waves

11. Sensitive instruments around the world record the event

12. Seismograph

14. What is a Fault or Fault line?

15. A Fault is a fracture in rock along which displacement has taken place- associated with a plate boundary. Faults can be active or inactive, and can be associated with either current or old plate boundaries.

20. Types of Faults

21. Normal

26. Reverse

29. Strike-slip

35. What causes an Earthquake??

36. Focus- The location within the Earth where movement occurs, and an Earthquake originates. Epicenter- The location on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

41. Where do Earthquakes occur?

44. So, how does energy released by slippage at a fault travel through the ground?

45. Energy from an Earthquake travels in seismic waves.

49. S-Wave Motion – “Side-to-Side” Motion

51. Surface Waves

52. Detecting and Locating Earthquakes

56. Seismograph: A device that records earthquake waves
Seismograph: A device that records earthquake waves. Seismogram: The “picture” drawn by a seismograph.

64. How far is the epicenter of an earthquake from a seismic station, if the difference between the arrival time of the P and the S wave is 5 minutes?

67. Folding

79. Folding creates non-volcanic mountains

80. Folded Mountains

82. Domed Mountains

84. Fault-Block Mountains