1. The Impact of Implementing Technology in Science Instruction
Rozina Macaj
Seminar in Applied Theory and Research II
Dr. O’Connor-Petruso
Spring 2010

2. Table of Contents Research Design Threats to Internal Validity
Threats to External Validity
Proposed Data
Proposed Data Analysis
References

3. Pre-Experimental Design: One-Group Pre survey-Post survey Design
Research Design
Pre-Experimental Design: One-Group Pre survey-Post survey Design
-Single group is pre surveyed (O), exposed to a treatment (x) and post surveyed (o).
Symbolic Design: OXO

4. Possible Threats to Internal Validity
History:
Participants in the study may get distracted by many factors such as fire drills,
announcement, phone ringing, weather conditions, etc.
Testing/Pre-testing Sensitization:
Participants will be more familiar with the directions, readings, and expectations in
the post survey.
Instrumentation:
Surveys will be made up by the researcher so they may not be totally reliable
so they will be a possible threat.
Mortality:
Some students may drop out of the project or move to another school.
Selection - Maturation Interaction:
Since students are different ages (10-11 years old), their maturity level differs.

5. Threats to External Validity
Ecological Validity
Results cannot be generalized because if the study will be done in a different
environment , the results will change.
Pre-test treatment
Students may react differently during the intervention just because they have
been pre surveyed.
Selection Treatment Interaction:
The participants have not been randomly selected.
Multiple Treatment:
All surveys will be given in a short period of time.
Experimenter Effects:
Researcher and teacher’s spiritual mood, age, and race may influence students’ attitude toward the study.

6. Threats to External Validity
Reactive Arrangement/Participant Effects:
-Placebo effect:
Some students may blindly believe that the use of computer
helps them enhance their learning in science, they may answer
the surveys based on that belief rather than based on the real
impact computer had during science lessons. Some students may
believe that computer is not good at all so they may ignore the
study.
-Novelty effect:
Some students may be interested during first lesson where computer is used
as an instructional tool, but they may get bored and not interested later on.

7. Proposed Data Students ‘ Technology Pre/Post Survey
Students’ Attitude Toward Science Pre /Post Survey
Teacher’s Pre/Post Survey about the importance of the use of technology in science instructions.

8. Proposed Data -Do you enjoy learning science?
Pre Survey: Question # 10
-Do you enjoy learning science?
Post Survey: Question # 10
-Did you enjoy learning science using technology?

9. Proposed Data-Bar Graph
Name
Pre Survey score
Post Survey score
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students

10. Proposed Data(Correlation)
Post Survey score

11. Proposed Data (analyses)
The data shows that there is a fear positive correlation.
The data indicates that the use of technology in science instruction influences students’ attitude toward science.

12. References
O’Connor-Petruso, S., (2008). Stat. scales.analyses. threats. design. ppt