1. Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
Chapter 30
Circulatory & Respiratory Systems

2. Introduction to transport
Transport – move things from one place to another
A life process carried out by all living things

3. Why is transport needed?
To meet the needs of the cells
Supply reactants
Remove products

4. transport & homeostasis:
Replaces materials that are used up, removes materials that build up

5. What is transported? Nutrients: where to where? From digestive system
To cells

6. What is transported? Wastes are transported: From? Cells! To?
excretory system

7. What is transported?
What about Oxygen?
From ?
Lungs!
To ?
Cells!

8. What is transported?
Carbon dioxide:
From  cells
To  lungs

9. What is transported?
Heat:
From  cells
To  body surface

10. What is transported? Hormones: From  glands To  target tissue
Complete the chart!

11. 3 primary
components of
the human
circulatory
system…

12. The heart
Pumps blood through the body
Human heart is a 4-chambered, muscular organ

14. Blood
Connective tissue made up of cells and liquid
Carries substances as solutes

15. Blood vessels
3 types:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

16. Arteries Veins Type Description Function Diagram Capillaries
Thick-walled
vessel. Blood is
under pressure
and flows 1
way
Carries blood
AWAY
from heart to
capillaries
Carries blood
from capillaries
TOWARD heart
Thinner vessel;
contains valves
Transports
nutrients and O2
out of blood and
waste diffuses in
Thinnest blood
vessel; narrow

17. Nice healthy artery!

18. Small healthy artery

19. Vein and artery cross section

20. Artery plugged with cholesterol

23. Capillary Cross Section

25. At artery end: blood pressure forces water and small molecules (nutrients and O2) into interstitial fluid
At vein end: CO2, other waste, and water diffuse into the capillary

27. & now, the pesky Lymphatic System
Turn to page 3 in your notes…

30. There are 2 main paths our hearts pump blood through in our bodies… the PULMONARY pumps O2 poor blood to the lungs the SYSTEMIC pumps O2 rich blood to everywhere else

31. Pulmonary circuit Right side of heart between heart and lungs
Pulmonary artery – O2 poor
Pulmonary vein – O2 rich

32. Systemic circuit From left side of heart heart to the rest of the body
Arteries – O2 rich
Veins – O2 poor

33. Systemic circuit
Renal circulation
From heart to kidneys

34. Systemic circuit
Cranial circulation
From heart to brain

35. Systemic circuit
Hepatic circulation
from heart to liver

36. Systemic circuit Coronary circulation
Blood circulation around the heart

37. Anatomy of the
Heart…

38. What Causes a Heart Attack?

39. A
Human
Heart

41. Atrium (atria)
2 upper chambers of the heart
Right and left
Fill ventricles

42. Right Atrium
O2 depleted blood from the body enters the heart

43. Left Atrium
O2 rich blood from the lungs enters heart here,
through the ???

45. Ventricles 2 muscular lower chambers of the heart. PUMPS.
Right to lungs
left to everywhere else
Separated by the septum

46. Right Ventricle
Receives O2 poor blood from the right atrium. Pumps it to the lungs through ???

47. Left Ventricle
Receives O2 rich blood from the left atrium Pumps it through the aorta to the rest of the body

49. Valves 1 way. Keep blood flowing in 1 direction
Between the atria and ventricles
Between the ventricles and arteries

50. cardiac muscle Left ventricle is largest – why? Pumps blood to
entire body!!!

51. Braided heart muscle cells

52. Blood vessels of the heart

53. Vena cava Superior (from above) and inferior ( below)
Transports O2 poor blood from body to the heart (which chamber?)

55. Pulmonary arteries
Transports O2 poor blood away (arteries always ‘away’!) from the heart to the lungs

57. Pulmonary veins
Carries O2 rich blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)

59. Aorta
Largest artery
Transports O2 rich blood (away from heart) to the rest of the body

60. S. VENA CAVA
AORTA
PULMONARY
ARTERIES
PULMONARY
ARTERIES
L. ATRIUM
PULMONARY
VEINS
PULMONARY
VEINS
VALVE
R. ATRIUM
VALVE
LEFT
VENTRICLE
VALVE
I. VENA CAVA
SEPTUM
R. VENTRICLE

61. Regulation of
the Heartbeat

62. Pacemaker In right atrium Regulates heartbeat
Generates an electrical signal causing atria to contract

63. AV node
AV node spreads the contraction to the ventricles

64. Pacemaker
AV Node

65. Heartbeat Cycle
Alternating contraction & relaxation of the heart muscle.

66. Heartbeat Cycle
Diastole – ventricles are relaxed and atria contract (fill vent.’s)
Low pressure in the arteries

67. Heartbeat Cycle Systole – atria relax. Ventricles contract
High pres. in the arteries
Blood forced into aorta & pulmonary artery

68. Heartbeat Cycle

69. Measuring Blood Pressure
Measure of the expansion & relaxation of arteries
Sphygmomanometer

70. Measuring Blood Pressure
Systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure
Average healthy adult is 120/80

71. Measuring Blood Pressure
Pulse = pressure felt in arteries during systole.

72. Blood consists
of cells
suspended in
plasma

73. Make-up of blood:
Blood is the only liquid connective tissue in your body!!

75. Make-up of blood: 1. Plasma 55% of blood is plasma which is 
90% water
10% dissolved salts, proteins, and other transported SOLUTES

76. Make-up of blood:
2. Red Blood Cells
Carry O2 from lungs to tissues of the body
Contains hemoglobin

77. Hemoglobin – protein that temporarily stores O2

78. Make-up of blood:
3. White Blood Cells
Fight infections
Number increase when you have an infection

79. Make-up of blood:
4. Platelets
Small fragments of blood cells
Responsible for clotting

80. And here’s all the parts together!

81. Make-up of blood: Clotting:
Injury  platelets release fibrin, (a protein)
Fibrin traps RBCs 
cells+ fibrin plug leak, form scab

83. Cardiovascular
disease is the
leading cause of
death in the U.S.

84. Atherosclerosis Narrowing of arteries from plaque build up
Mild case  chest pain
Severe case  heart attack

86. Hypertension
=High blood pressure
Heart and vessels work harder
Muscles expand over time and weaken

88. Stroke Blood clot forms in an artery in the brain
Loss of oxygen damages part of the brain. Loss of that function

89. Review…

90. What is the path of blood through the circulatory system?

91. Let’s start with O2 poor blood:
Vena cava 
Right Atrium 
Valve 
Right Ventricle 
Pulmonary Arteries 

92. Where do we exchange CO2 & O2 in the blood next?
Capillaries of the Lungs!!

93. Now we have O2 rich blood…
Pulmonary vein 
Left atrium 
Valve
Left ventricle 
Valve 
Aorta

94. Where does the O2 rich blood go as it leaves the aorta?
Rest of the body (systemic circuit)

95. Now what?
Nutrients and O2 diffuse out of the capillaries (artery end) into the interstitial fluid
Waste diffuses into the capillaries (venous end)

96. Final Step?
Once again we have O2 poor blood that will travel back toward the heart and will be released by the vena cava into the right atrium

97. Circulatory system
is done so take a
deep breath….

98. Now think about what you just did:
Where does O2 enter your body?
Nose (& mouth)

99. Now think about what you just did:
Where does O2 enter your blood stream?
Capillaries in the Lungs

100. Now think about what you just did:
Where does CO2 leave your body’s many tissues?
Capillaries in those tissues

101. Anatomy of the Respiratory System…
TEDed overview

102. Nasal Passages Lined with hair, mucous 3 functions: 1.) filter
2.) moisten, &
3.) warm the air

103. Pharynx
Back of throat
Where respiratory and digestive systems begin

104. Larynx “Voice box” bands of cartilage
Vibrate when you exhale , produce sounds

105. Epiglottis
That flap of cartilage that seals off the airway when you swallow

107. Trachea (Windpipe)
Tubular .
Cartilage rings
Cilliated!

108. Lungs
Right and left
Sponge-like tissue
O2, CO2 diffuses between air spaces and capillaries

109. ? ? ?

110. Bronchi 2 branches off of the trachea Branch into many bronchioli
Cartilage rings keep them from collapsing

112. Bronchioles
Smaller & smaller branching tubes off of the bronchi
“respiratory tree”
Lead to alveoli

113. Bronchi
Bronchioles

114. Alveoli Grape-like clusters of air sacs
surrounded by capillaries, ‘respiratory surface’ where gasses are exchanged

117. Nasal Passages Pharynx Esophagus Trachea Epiglottis Larynx Lung Pleura
membrane

118. Bronchiole
Diaphragm
Bronchi

119. Alveoli (plural)
Alveolus
(singular)

120. Blood
vessels
Capillaries
Bronchiole
Alveolus

121. Breathing
Diaphragm:
Dome shaped sheet of muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity

122. Inhalation:
Diaphragm ‘down’ increases space, inflates lungs

123. Exhalation When diaphragm relaxes, it rises in the chest
Lungs deflate, expelling air.
How has the content changed?

124. Diaphragm relaxes, deflating the lungs

125. Rib cage assists inhalation, exhalation

126. What regulates breathing rate?
CO2 concentration in the blood
It is a function of the hypothalamus to measure, change.

127. breathing
CO2
CO2
breathing
What type of feedback is this?

128. O2 + Hemoglobin combine to form oxyhemoglobin
How O2 transport works
O Hemoglobin combine to form oxyhemoglobin

129. CO2 transport
most CO2 combines with H2O to form bicarbonate ions (H2CO3) in the blood plasma

130. Remember Pulmonary Circulation (heart to lungs)?

131. Respiratory
System
Diseases…

132. Emphysema A change in the structure of the lung
Alveoli become inelastic and degenerate

134. Lung Cancer
Tumors form in the lungs

136. Asthma
Allergic response  constriction of bronchial tubes

139. Pneumonia
Alveoli fill with fluid

141. Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes